Crambe meal as a protein source for feeds

Abstract

Crambe abyssinica may be grown for its seed oil containing 55‐60% erucic acid, which fills a long‐term, technologically important US industrial market. The residual meal could serve in animal feeds, but, like other Cruciferae, crambe seed contains glucosinolates that limit the feed value of the defatted meal. Protein content, amino acid composition, protein efficiency tests and numerous animal feeding experiments show that crambe meal contains protein of good nutritional quality. Means of reducing, nullifying or removing the glucosinolates and their hydrolysis (aglucon) products have been the object of many studies, and crambe meals containing native levels of glucosinolates and/or aglucon products have been shown to be lethal to mice, rats and chicks when fed at significant dietary levels. Animal performance is inversely related to sublethal concen‐trations of these compounds in modified meals. However, water‐extracted crambe meals have excellent nutritional quality when such extraction removes the glucosinolates and/or aglucon products. Feeding experiments suggest that these meals, although more costly to prepare, could be used in feeds for nonruminant animals. On the other hand, moist heat‐toasting of crambe meals in conventional oilseed extraction facilities provides meals of value for supplemental protein in beef rations. For this use, specifications and FDA ap‐proval are in place for commercial exploitation of crambe meal. These studies and the status of crambe as a protein source in feeds are reviewed.

Variation for agronomic characteristics in Crambe hispanica, a wild relative of Crambe abyssinica

“…The results presented in this paper were obtained under greenhouse conditions, hampering comparison with results obtained under field conditions. The application of gauzy nylon bags and/or high temperatures in the greenhouse might have influenced the oil content of hulled seed, which was low compared to averages of 32% (Earle et al, 1966) and 35% (Carlson & Tookey, 1983). The greenhouse conditions might also have influenced plhnt heights of C. hispanica (71 to 168 cm), which larger than those in taxonomic descriptions by Schulz (1919) and Zohary (1966).…”

Caracterização química de sementes e tortas de pinhão-manso, nabo-forrageiro e crambe

“…Carlson & Tookey (1983) Os teores de proteína bruta nos grãos das oleaginosas estudadas variaram entre 20,95 e 28,19% (Tabela 1). Após a extração de óleo, os teores de proteína nas respectivas tortas aumentaram para patamares entre 28,66 e 49,47%, com maiores teores para o nabo-forrageiro, tanto em sementes quanto em tortas.…”

“…Makkar et al (1998) A quantidade de fibra alimentar no grão e na torta foi maior no pinhão-manso, seguido pelo crambe e pelo nabo-forrageiro (Tabela 1). Os grãos de pinhão-manso e de crambe são envoltos por uma casca externa rica em fibras (Carlson & Tookey, 1983;Heller, 1996). O nabo-forrageiro, por sua vez, não apresenta tal estrutura, o que justifica a menor quantidade de fibras em seus grãos e na torta resultante.…”

“…O nabo-forrageiro, por sua vez, não apresenta tal estrutura, o que justifica a menor quantidade de fibras em seus grãos e na torta resultante. Carlson & Tookey (1983) relataram que os teores de fibra bruta em crambe foram de 14,3, 3,6 e 22,1% para grãos inteiros, descascados e para a casca, respectivamente, o que demonstra o acúmulo de fibras na parte mais externa do grão.…”

Film Extrusion of <em>Crambe abyssinica</em>/Wheat Gluten Blends

“…It is obtained as a defatted crambe meal, with protein as the largest component. It also contains a sizeable amount of nitrogen-free extracts, such as carbohydrates and fiber 7,8 . The meal has relatively poor cohesive properties and needs to be blended with a material of higher cohesion.…”