Security Printing Deterrents: A Comparison of Thermal Ink Jet, Dry Electrophotographic, and Liquid Electrophotographic Printing

Simske, Steven J.; Aronoff, Jason S.; Sturgill, Margaret; Golodetz, Galia

doi:10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.(2008)52:5(050201)

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The color tile deterrent introduced elsewhere [4,5] uses nonpayload indicia (NPI) rather than error-correcting code (ECC) to provide authentication robustness (Fig. 1, left) while providing high payload density (PD), in units of bytes/inch 2 .…”

Section: Calibration and Density Of Color Tilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of copying and restoration on color barcode payload density

Simske

Sturgill

Aronoff

2009

Proceedings of the 9th ACM Symposium on Document Engineering

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2D barcodes are taking on increasing significance as the ubiquity of high-resolution cameras, combined with the availability of variable data printing, drives increasing amounts of "click and connect" applications. Barcodes therefore serve as an increasingly significant connection between physical and electronic portions, or versions, of documents. The use of color provides many additional advantages, including increased payload density and security. In this paper, we consider four factors affecting the readable payload in a color barcode: (1) number of print-scan (PS), or copy, cycles, (2) image restoration to offset PS-induced degradation, (3) the authentication algorithm used, and (4) the use of spectral pre-compensation (SPC) to optimize the color settings for the color barcodes. The PS cycle was shown to consistently reduce payload density by approximately 55% under all tested conditions. SPC nearly doubled the payload density, and selecting the better authentication algorithm increased payload density by roughly 50% in the mean. Restoration, however, was found to increase payload density less substantially (~30%), and only when combined with the optimized settings for SPC. These results are also discussed in light of optimizing payload density for the generation of document security deterrents.

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Section: Calibration and Density Of Color Tilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Payload density (PD), typically measured in bytes/in 2 , describes the amount of information for a given area that is embedded in the bar code-for security and product information purposes. Generally, the higher the PD value [4,5,6,7], the better.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of copying and restoration on color barcode payload density

Simske

Sturgill

Aronoff

2009

Proceedings of the 9th ACM Symposium on Document Engineering

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“…Security strength can be calculated to determine how effective a screen trap will be when implemented with thermal injet, dry electrophotographic and liquid electrophotographic printing [55,56,57]. The colour-tile, standard barcode, and 2D are investigated, colour-tiles prove to be an effective method for measuring colour fidelity.…”

Section: ) Security Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Currency security and forensics: a survey

Chambers

Yan

Garhwal

et al. 2014

Multimed Tools Appl

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Abstract-By its definition, the word 'currency' refers to an agreed medium for exchange, a nation's currency is the formal medium enforced by the elected governing entity. Throughout history, issuers have faced one common threat: counterfeiting. Despite technological advancements, overcoming counterfeit production remains a distant future. Scientific determination of authenticity requires a deep understanding of the raw materials and manufacturing processes involved. This survey serves as a synthesis of the current literature to understand the technology and the mechanics involved in currency manufacture and security, whilst identifying gaps in the current literature. Ultimately, a robust currency is desired.

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“…The majority of the approaches combine a variety of image analysis techniques with different classification algorithms to either distinguish different printing technologies (ink-jet versus laser EP) [11] , [ 18] or distinguish among makes and models [11] , [16] , [ 19] . It has been shown that a variety of image features and print quality metrics can be used to discriminate among ink-jet printers.…”

Section: Ink-jet Printer Signaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%