Currency security and forensics: a survey

Abstract

Abstract-By its definition, the word 'currency' refers to an agreed medium for exchange, a nation's currency is the formal medium enforced by the elected governing entity. Throughout history, issuers have faced one common threat: counterfeiting. Despite technological advancements, overcoming counterfeit production remains a distant future. Scientific determination of authenticity requires a deep understanding of the raw materials and manufacturing processes involved. This survey serves as a synthesis of the current literature to understand the technology and the mechanics involved in currency manufacture and security, whilst identifying gaps in the current literature. Ultimately, a robust currency is desired.

Image Processing Based Signature Verification Technique to Reduce Fraud in Financial Institutions

“…It is widely used as proof of identity and a socially accepted authentication method in daily life. The system stakeholders are person, organization or banks that need to verify signatures [1,2]. The stakeholders are Bank's customers who must write their signature, and bank's employees have to verify if the sample signature is the original signature in database, to complete any transaction required on that account.…”

Depth profiling of inks in authentic and counterfeit banknotes by electrospray laser desorption ionization/mass spectrometry

“…To prevent money counterfeiting, several security features such as watermarks, security threads, color‐shifting printed patterns and foils are applied to banknotes so they are easily recognized by the naked eye . However, when a banknote circulates in the market for an extended period of time, these anti‐counterfeit markers fade and lose their effectiveness.…”

“…To prevent money counterfeiting, several security features such as watermarks, security threads, color-shifting printed patterns and foils are applied to banknotes so they are easily recognized by the naked eye. [1,2] However, when a banknote circulates in the market for an extended period of time, these anti-counterfeit markers fade and lose their effectiveness. Spectroscopic techniques (ultraviolet, infrared and Raman) and microscopic examinations are widely used to assist in identification of counterfeit banknotes because of their cost-effective, simple and non-destructive features.…”

“…[7][8][9][10] Recently, a solvent-free gold nanoparticle-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometric approach was used to image a $20 HKD (Hong Kong dollar) banknote. [11] Nevertheless, there are several shortcomings for using conventional MS techniques, as (1) tedious and time-consuming sample pretreatment is required, (2) large sample areas are explored, which results in low analyte spatial resolution, (3) sampling will permanently damage samples, and (4) depth profiling of inks in the banknote cannot be achieved.…”

Computer forensic analysis model for the reconstruction of chain of evidence of volatile memory data

“…How to prevent and crack down effectively on the use of computers and other intelligent devices through national legislation, how to handle judicial criminal issues must be addressed urgently. Moreover, a variety of research is being conducted on electronic evidence and the legal profession to make computer forensics research a hot topic [1,3,15].…”