SecretEPDB: a comprehensive web-based resource for secreted effector proteins of the bacterial types III, IV and VI secretion systems

An, Yi; Wang, Jiawei; Li, Chen; Revote, Jerico; Zhang, Yang; Naderer, Thomas; Hayashida, Morihiro; Akutsu, Tatsuya; Webb, Geoffrey I.; Lithgow, Trevor; Song, Jiangning

doi:10.1038/srep41031

Cited by 37 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…It is highly likely that the virB10 mutant phenotypes that we observed are due to the loss of T4SS effectors. A number of software programs have been designed for predicting the output of a T4SS (118)(119)(120)(121)(122)(123)(124). These bioinformatic tools tag candidates based on a number of traits, including C-terminal features and the presence of eukaryotic-like domains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Encodes a VirB/VirD4 Type IV Secretion System That Modulates Apoptosis in Human Cells and Promotes Competition against Heterologous Bacteria, Including Pseudomonas aeruginosa

et al. 2019

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Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an emerging opportunistic and nosocomial pathogen. S. maltophilia is also a risk factor for lung exacerbations in cystic fibrosis patients. S. maltophilia attaches to various mammalian cells, and we recently documented that the bacterium encodes a type II secretion system which triggers detachment-induced apoptosis in lung epithelial cells. We have now confirmed that S. maltophilia also encodes a type IVA secretion system (VirB/VirD4 [VirB/D4] T4SS) that is highly conserved among S. maltophilia strains and, looking beyond the Stenotrophomonas genus, is most similar to the T4SS of Xanthomonas. To define the role(s) of this T4SS, we constructed a mutant of strain K279a that is devoid of secretion activity due to loss of the VirB10 component. The mutant induced a higher level of apoptosis upon infection of human lung epithelial cells, indicating that a T4SS effector(s) has antiapoptotic activity. However, when we infected human macrophages, the mutant triggered a lower level of apoptosis, implying that the T4SS also elaborates a proapoptotic factor(s). Moreover, when we cocultured K279a with strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the T4SS promoted the growth of S. maltophilia and reduced the numbers of heterologous bacteria, signaling that another effector(s) has antibacterial activity. In all cases, the effect of the T4SS required S. maltophilia contact with its target. Thus, S. maltophilia VirB/D4 T4SS appears to secrete multiple effectors capable of modulating death pathways. That a T4SS can have anti- and prokilling effects on different targets, including both human and bacterial cells, has, to our knowledge, not been seen before.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Encodes a VirB/VirD4 Type IV Secretion System That Modulates Apoptosis in Human Cells and Promotes Competition against Heterologous Bacteria, Including Pseudomonas aeruginosa

et al. 2019

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“…Our dataset can be a useful resource for other studies on effectors, as well as for training machine-learning approaches for the prediction of secreted effectors in unexplored bacterial genomes 54 . In addition, the information gathered and manually curated here will be useful to complement SecretEPDB, another database for secreted bacterial effectors that was released very recently 55 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic analysis of the RNA-targeting potential of secreted bacterial effector proteins

Tawk

Sharan

Eulálio

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Many pathogenic bacteria utilize specialized secretion systems to deliver proteins called effectors into eukaryotic cells for manipulation of host pathways. The vast majority of known effector targets are host proteins, whereas a potential targeting of host nucleic acids remains little explored. There is only one family of effectors known to target DNA directly, and effectors binding host RNA are unknown. Here, we take a two-pronged approach to search for RNA-binding effectors, combining biocomputational prediction of RNA-binding domains (RBDs) in a newly assembled comprehensive dataset of bacterial secreted proteins, and experimental screening for RNA binding in mammalian cells. Only a small subset of effectors were predicted to carry an RBD, indicating that if RNA targeting was common, it would likely involve new types of RBDs. Our experimental evaluation of effectors with predicted RBDs further argues for a general paucity of RNA binding activities amongst bacterial effectors. We obtained evidence that PipB2 and Lpg2844, effector proteins of Salmonella and Legionella species, respectively, may harbor novel biochemical activities. Our study presenting the first systematic evaluation of the RNA-targeting potential of bacterial effectors offers a basis for discussion of whether or not host RNA is a prominent target of secreted bacterial proteins.

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“…The experimentally validated effectors for T3SS, T4SS and T6SS were collected from SecretEPDB (39). Low quality (such as partial sequences) and redundant sequences were removed at 90% sequence identity cut-off.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conserved SQ and QS motifs in bacterial effectors suggest pathogen interplay with the ATM kinase family during infection

Sampietro

Sámano-Sánchez

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Understanding how bacteria hijack eukaryotic cells during infection is vital to develop better strategies to counter the pathologies that they cause. ATM kinase family members phosphorylate eukaryotic protein substrates on Ser or Thr residues followed by Gln. The kinases are active under oxidative stress conditions and/or the presence of ds-DNA breaks. While examining the protein sequences of well-known bacterial effector proteins such as CagA and Tir, we noticed that they often show conserved (S/TQ) motifs, even though the evidence for effector phosphorylation by ATM has not been reported. We undertook a bioinformatics analysis to examine effectors for their potential to mimic the eukaryotic substrates of the ATM kinase. The candidates we found could interfere with the host's intracellular signaling network upon interaction, which might give an advantage to the pathogen inside the host. Further, the putative phosphorylation sites should be accessible, conserved across species and, in the vicinity to the phosphorylation sites, positively charged residues should be depleted. We also noticed that the reverse motif (QT/S) is often also conserved and located close to (S/TQ) sites, indicating its potential biological role in ATM kinase function. Our findings could suggest a mechanism of infection whereby many pathogens inactivate/modulate the host ATM signaling pathway.

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SecretEPDB: a comprehensive web-based resource for secreted effector proteins of the bacterial types III, IV and VI secretion systems

Cited by 37 publications

References 65 publications

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Encodes a VirB/VirD4 Type IV Secretion System That Modulates Apoptosis in Human Cells and Promotes Competition against Heterologous Bacteria, Including Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Encodes a VirB/VirD4 Type IV Secretion System That Modulates Apoptosis in Human Cells and Promotes Competition against Heterologous Bacteria, Including Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A systematic analysis of the RNA-targeting potential of secreted bacterial effector proteins

Conserved SQ and QS motifs in bacterial effectors suggest pathogen interplay with the ATM kinase family during infection

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