Secondary voltage control in islanded microgrids using event‐triggered control

Distributed control based power sharing strategy for an islanded AC microgrid

“…Therefore, from (20), ∇ f = [∇F 1 , …, ∇F N ] T = 2Δ p. Using (6), (10), (14) and (19), the discrete time distributed control algorithm is given by the following series of equations:…”

“…Let there be some change in the average load value occurring at any bus i ∈ N of the network. The local controllers would sense this change and obtain individual desired power output P g, i from (14). As the algorithm converges, the individual power discrepancies ΔP i reach common minima and the angles are set such that P i ≃ P g, i .…”

“…However, renewable sources such as photovoltaic and wind cannot always provide power according to their proposed ratings. The actual power generation for such distribution generations (DGs) could be different from the predicted generation value according to (14). Assume that the power output of a certain DG needs to be fixed to a value P f .…”

“…The similar layer-based control scheme has been presented in [14] consisting of cooperative secondary voltage control in islanded microgrids. The secondary layer utilises event-triggered control and the overall scheme includes state feedback estimates of the neighbouring DERs which, while reduces the communication burden, requires an additional state estimator at each DER.…”

Distributed secondary voltage control for autonomous microgrids under additive measurement noises and time delays

“…A two‐way communication had been applied in this study to construct a distributed control that has the capability to provide proper voltage regulation in smart distribution feeders [21]. In addition, to reduce communication resources, the event‐based secondary control had been reported in the literature involving load power control [22] and secondary voltage control [23].…”