Secondary metabolites of turmeric and ginger on various altitudes and soil characteristics

Abstract

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) are included in important spice commodities in Indonesia. The altitude and the environmental condition have an impact on the secondary metabolite content in the medicinal plants. Moreover, the current situation of climate change also affecting on the local environmental condition which is impacting on the secondary metabolite production. This research aims for determining the effects of altitude and soil characteristics on secondary metabolites. The research method was surveyed, then purposive sampling on farmlands with different altitude and soil characteristics at Karanganyar District, Indonesia. The variables observed were altitude, climate, soil characteristics (soil pH, Cation Exchange Capacity, Organic Matter, texture, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium), and secondary metabolites of turmeric and ginger (curcuminoid, gingerol, shogaol). The results indicated that the secondary metabolite of turmeric affected by altitude, soil pH, soil texture sand and soil available phosphorus. On the other hand, the secondary metabolites of ginger are affected by altitude, soil pH, soil organic matter, soil texture (silt and sand), and soil phosphorus. Turmeric and ginger in the highlands were produced more secondary metabolites compared with in lowlands.

Predicting phytochemical diversity of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) across eco-climatic zones and elevation in Uttarakhand using Generalized Additive Model

“…As such, environmental conditions influenced by altitude have proven to be an important factor inducing variations in the secondary metabolite composition of hemp, indicating that plants grown at different elevations exhibited a variation in terpenes 83 . The secondary metabolite production of turmeric (curcumin, R 2 = 0.2236) and ginger (10-gingerol, R 2 0.6979) increased with increasing altitude 84 . The impact of varying elevation on five medicinal plants ( Artemisia judaica , Achillea fragrantissima , Teucrium polium , Lavandula pubescens , and Retama raetam ) showed increased accumulation of secondary metabolites at higher elevation 85 .…”

Pseudotargeted metabolomics revealed the adaptive mechanism of Draba oreades Schrenk at high altitude

“…Farhat et al found that the changes of altitude would lead to significant changes in phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Salvia verbenaca L. (Farhat et al, 2013). Setyawati et al found that altitude had an impact on the content of secondary metabolites of turmeric and ginger, the content of secondary metabolites of turmeric and ginger was higher in high altitude areas and decreased with the decrease of altitude (Setyawati et al, 2021).…”

“…In the past century, the research on natural secondary metabolites has achieved some important results, such as artemisinin for malaria, huperzine A for Alzheimer's disease, ephedrine for cold and camptothecin for cancer, which were separated from Artemisia annua, Huperzine serrata, Ephedra sinica and Camptotheca acuminate, respectively (Qiu, 2007). However, natural secondary metabolites are susceptible to environmental factors (Setyawati et al, 2021), and the types and quantities of natural secondary metabolites vary with geographical location and altitude (Jugran et al, 2016;Cirak et al, 2017;Senica et al, 2017;Dong et al, 2020). Studies have shown that the antioxidant capacity of natural secondary metabolites are related to altitude (Ni et al, 2013;Knuesting et al, 2018;Pandey et al, 2018).…”

The Use of ZA and SP 36 Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum)

“…The opinion of The volatile oil strawcontent in ginger that was given N fertilizer showed a higher content [26]. Content of secondary metabolites of turmeric and ginger increased with increasing soil P content [27].…”