Secondary Metabolites from Marine-Derived Fungi and Actinobacteria as Potential Sources of Novel Colorectal Cancer Drugs

Abstract

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in the world. Chemotheraphy is one of the most common methods used for the pharmacological treatment of this cancer patients. Nevertheless, the adverse effect of chemotherapy is not optimized for improving the quality of life of people who are older, who are the most vulnerable subpopulation. This review presents recent updates regarding secondary metabolites derived from marine fungi and actinobacteria as novel alternatives for cytotoxic agents against colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116, HT29, HCT15, RKO, Caco-2, and SW480. The observed marine-derived fungi were from the species Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Neosartorya sp., Dichotomomyces sp., Paradendryphiella sp., and Westerdykella sp. Additionally, Streptomyces sp. and Nocardiopsis sp. are actinobacteria discussed in this study. Seventy one compounds reviewed in this study were grouped on the basis of their chemical structures. Indole alkaloids and diketopiperazines made up most compounds with higher potencies when compared with other groups. The potency of indole alkaloids and diketopiperazines was most probably due to halogen-based functional groups and sulfide groups, respectively.

Homo/Hetero-Dimers of Aromatic Bisabolane Sesquiterpenoids with Neuroprotective Activity from the Fungus Aspergillus versicolor A18 from South China Sea

“…In addition to the above four new homo/hetero-dimers of aromatic bisabolanes ( 1a , 1b , 2 , and 3 ), 12 previously described compounds 4 – 15 were isolated. They were identified as peniciaculin B ( 4 ) [ 3 ], expansol E ( 5 ) [ 14 ], expansol C ( 6 ) [ 14 ], expansol D ( 7 ) [ 14 ], expansol A ( 8 ) [ 15 ], aspertenol A ( 9 ) [ 16 ], peniciaculin A ( 10 ) [ 3 ], ( Z )-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(6′-methylhept-2′-en-2′-yl)phenol ( 11 ) [ 17 ], ( R )-3-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl)benzaldehyde ( 12 ) [ 18 ], aspergillusene E ( 13 ) [ 19 ], 3-(3-methoxy-5-methylphenoxy)-5-methylphenol (3- O -methyldiorcinol, 14 ) [ 20 , 21 ], and 3,3′-dihydroxy-5,5′-dimethyldiphenyl ether (diorcinol, 15 ) [ 20 , 21 ] by analyzing their NMR data and comparing with those reported in the correlative papers. Among them, 12 was first isolated as a natural product and its absolute configuration was assigned as R by the antipodal CE comparing with 2 – 4 ( Figure S1 ).…”

Mushrooms as future generation healthy foods

“…In addition to the presence of enzymes, mushroom secondary metabolites can be used in unconventional applications such as processes associated with the development of cancer and as an alternative anti-nematode agent ( 17 , 40 , 41 ).…”

New Azaphilones from the Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum E23Y-1A with Their Anti-Inflammatory and Antitumor Activities

“…More than 33% of the new MNPs (approximately 2500) were reported from marine-derived fungi between 2016 and 2020 [ 1 ]. The interest in highly diverse structural classes and the number of various bioactivities of their metabolites keeps growing considerably [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Especially in some cases, marine fungi form symbiotic relationships with other organisms through the horizontal gene transfer of a mitochondrial intron from a fungus to marine organisms, consequentially fungi-derived natural products represent the characteristics of metabolites in symbiotic organisms as well [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”