Secondary immune response of rainbow trout following repeated immersion vaccination

Jaafar, Rzgar M.; Al‐Jubury, Azmi; Chettri, Jiwan Kumar; Dalsgaard, Inger; Kania, Per W.; Buchmann, Kurt

doi:10.1111/jfd.12682

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This following study reports how rainbow trout respond to repeated immersion vaccination against yersiniosis (ERM) caused by the bacterial pathogen Y. ruckeri [86]. It was found that rainbow trout do not raise a classical secondary response following repeated immersion vaccination.…”

Section: Erm In Rainbow Troutmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The densities of IgM-positive lymphocytes in the spleen of three times immunized fish increased compared to control fish, but no general trend for an increase with number of immunizations was noted. The lack of classical secondary responses following repeated immersion vaccination may partly be explained by the limited uptake of antigens by immersion compared to injection [86].…”

Section: Erm In Rainbow Troutmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on Immersion Vaccines for Fish: An Update 2019

Bøgwald

Dalmo

2019

Microorganisms

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Immersion vaccines are used for a variety of aquacultured fish to protect against infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses. During immersion vaccination the antigens are taken up by the skin, gills or gut and processed by the immune system, where the resulting response may lead to protection. The lack of classical secondary responses following repeated immersion vaccination may partly be explained by the limited uptake of antigens by immersion compared to injection. Administration of vaccines depends on the size of the fish. In most cases, immersion vaccination is inferior to injection vaccination with regard to achieved protection. However, injection is problematic in small fish, and fry as small as 0.5 gram may be immersion vaccinated when they are considered adaptively immunocompetent. Inactivated vaccines are, in many cases, weakly immunogenic, resulting in low protection after immersion vaccination. Therefore, during recent years, several studies have focused on different ways to augment the efficacy of these vaccines. Examples are booster vaccination, administration of immunostimulants/adjuvants, pretreatment with low frequency ultrasound, use of live attenuated and DNA vaccines, preincubation in hyperosmotic solutions, percutaneous application of a multiple puncture instrument and application of more suitable inactivation chemicals. Electrostatic coating with positively charged chitosan to obtain mucoadhesive vaccines and a more efficient delivery of inactivated vaccines has also been successful.

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Section: Erm In Rainbow Troutmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Erm In Rainbow Troutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Immersion Vaccines for Fish: An Update 2019

Bøgwald

Dalmo

2019

Microorganisms

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“…In one study, after the fish were immersion-vaccinated with a Danish strain of Y. ruckeri serotype O1, biotype 2, the concentration of Y. ruckeri -specific IgM hardly changed compared to that of unvaccinated fish. However, after 3 weeks of exposure to live bacteria, the antibody level in vaccinated fish increased significantly ( 112 ). Similarly, another study also detected significantly increased IgM antibody levels in vaccinated rainbow trout challenged with 1 × 10 9 CFU mL −1 Y. ruckeri bacterin for 1 h ( 113 ).…”

Section: Immunoglobulin Responses Following Mucosal Immunizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoglobulins, Mucosal Immunity and Vaccination in Teleost Fish

et al. 2020

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Due to direct contact with aquatic environment, mucosal surfaces of teleost fish are continuously exposed to a vast number of pathogens and also inhabited by high densities of commensal microbiota. The B cells and immunoglobulins within the teleost mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs) play key roles in local mucosal adaptive immune responses. So far, three Ig isotypes (i.e., IgM, IgD, and IgT/Z) have been identified from the genomic sequences of different teleost fish species. Moreover, teleost Igs have been reported to elicit mammalian-like mucosal immune response in six MALTs: gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT), gill-associated lymphoid tissue (GIALT), nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), and the recently discovered buccal and pharyngeal MALTs. Critically, analogous to mammalian IgA, teleost IgT represents the most ancient Ab class specialized in mucosal immunity and plays indispensable roles in the clearance of mucosal pathogens and the maintenance of microbiota homeostasis. Given these, this review summarizes the current findings on teleost Igs, MALTs, and their immune responses to pathogenic infection, vaccination and commensal microbiota, with the purpose of facilitating future evaluation and rational design of fish vaccines.

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“…Exceptionally high water temperatures presumeably led to increased outbreak severity and induced an increase of antimicrobial prescription of more than 100% from 2017 to 2018 3 . Prophylactic measures including vaccines 5 – 8 and improved vaccination strategies 9 , 10 have been developed and implemented. In spite of these efforts outbreaks continue to occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synbiotic feed supplementation significantly improves lipid utilization and shows discrete effects on disease resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Villumsen

Ohtani

Forberg

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Enteric redmouth disease caused by the bacterial pathogen Yersinia ruckeri is the main reason for antimicrobial prescription, and a cause of substantial economic losses and decreased animal welfare in aquaculture. Given the importance of the intestinal microbiota in digestion and disease, our aim was to investigate whether synbiotic feed supplementation strategies could improve feed performance and disease resistance. Four experimental synbiotic feeds formulated with pre- and probiotics were tested against a commercially available probiotic control feed. Each experimental feed was evaluated for feed performance, effects on gross as well as intestinal morphometrics, and finally their effect on resistance against a waterborne experimental infection with Yersinia ruckeri serotype O1, biotype 2. While co-supplementing Pediococcus acidilactici with citrus flavonoids or bacterial paraprobiotics significantly improved utilization of feed lipid content relative to the control group, a decrease in lipid utilization was observed for feeds that combined P. acidilactici with yeast paraprobiotics. No significant improvements on disease resistance were observed. Still, synbiotic formulations including P. acidilactici led to reduced risks relative to that of the control group, while an increased relative risk was observed for a Bacillus-based formulation. In conclusion, two of the synbiotic supplements significantly improved lipid utilization and contributed to minor increases in disease resistance.

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Secondary immune response of rainbow trout following repeated immersion vaccination

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Review on Immersion Vaccines for Fish: An Update 2019

Review on Immersion Vaccines for Fish: An Update 2019

Immunoglobulins, Mucosal Immunity and Vaccination in Teleost Fish

Synbiotic feed supplementation significantly improves lipid utilization and shows discrete effects on disease resistance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

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