Immunoglobulins, Mucosal Immunity and Vaccination in Teleost Fish

Yu, Yongyao; Wang, Qingchao; Huang, Zhenyu; Ding, Li-Guo; Xu, Zhen

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.567941

Cited by 145 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 129 publications

(238 reference statements)

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“…Some orally delivered experimental vaccines were described. Their rationale is based on the key immunological role held by mucosal tissues, a fascinating subject that has received increasing interest from the academic [110][111][112][113][114][115][116] and industry sectors. Regarding the latter, worthy of note is a ground-breaking project that was recently funded by the Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre, the aim of which is to develop an efficient sea lice control strategy through nanoparticle technologies, also exploiting innovative feedadministered vaccines (https://www.scottishaquaculture.com/projects/health-andwelfare/details/development-of-an-orally-administered-novel-sea-lice-vaccine-targetingmucosal-immunity/).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-Art Vaccine Research for Aquaculture Use: The Case of Three Economically Relevant Fish Species

et al. 2021

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In the last three decades, the aquaculture sector has experienced a 527% growth, producing 82 million tons for a first sale value estimated at 250 billion USD. Infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites are the major causes of mortality and economic losses in commercial aquaculture. Some pathologies, especially those of bacterial origin, can be treated with commercially available drugs, while others are poorly managed. In fact, despite having been recognized as a useful preventive measure, no effective vaccination against many economically relevant diseases exist yet, such as for viral and parasitic infections. The objective of the present review is to provide the reader with an updated perspective on the most significant and innovative vaccine research on three key aquaculture commodities. European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were chosen because of their economic relevance, geographical distinctiveness, and representativeness of different culture systems. Scientific papers about vaccines against bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases will be objectively presented; their results critically discussed and compared; and suggestions for future directions given.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-Art Vaccine Research for Aquaculture Use: The Case of Three Economically Relevant Fish Species

et al. 2021

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“…The relative expression level of MHC II in HK is relatively high (the peak value is close to 2.0), while the relative expression level in skin is the smallest (the peak value is only 0.064), and the expression level in gill and hindgut is relatively low. But the MHC II expressions quickly reach the peak in gill and skin, which shows the important role of gill and skin in antigen presentation and transmission during immersion ( 3 , 5 , 8 ). The same dynamic changes were observed in hindgut, spleen, and liver, and the expression levels were obviously increased within 4 days after immunization, and reached the peak at 14 days all.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the containing immune substances, Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the first antibody that is produced in the immune system and provides a crucial first line of defense for the immune system ( 7 ). So far, three main Ig isotypes have been identified in teleosts, including IgM, IgD, and IgT/Z ( 8 , 9 ), tetrameric IgM is widely accepted as the prevalent serum and mucus Ig type in most teleosts ( 3 , 6 ). And IgT/Z is thought to be specialized in mucosal immunity, but as known that there is not every teleost species possesses these isotypes Ig ( 3 , 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on Immune Response of Organs of Epinephelus coioides and Carassius auratus After Immersion Vaccination With Inactivated Vibrio harveyi Vaccine

et al. 2021

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Immersion vaccination relies on the response of fish mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, the Crucian carp (Carassius auratus) and Grouper (Epinephelus coioides) were researched in this paper to examine local mucosal immune responses and associated humoral system responses following immersion vaccination. We administered 1.5 × 107 CFU/ml formalin-inactivated Vibrio harveyi cells and measured mucus and serum antibody titers as well as IgM, MHC II mRNA levels in immune organs. The mucosal antibody response preceded the serum response indicating a role for local mucosal immunity in immersion vaccination. IgM and MHC II mRNA levels were relatively greater for the spleen and head kidney indicating the importance and central position of systemic immunity. Expression levels were also high for the gills while skin levels were the lowest. IgM and MHC II mRNA levels were altered over time following vaccination and the hindgut, liver and spleen were similar indicating a close relationship, so the absolute value of r is used to analyze the correlation among different organs immunized. It can be inferred the existence of an internal immune molecular mechanism for Immune synergy hindgut-liver-spleen, from the peak time (14th day), the relative ratio of genes expression in the same tissues between the immunized grouper and the control group (26 times), and Pearson correlation coefficient (0.8<|r|<1). Injection challenges with live V. harveyi indicated that the relative protection rates for the crucian carp and Grouper was basically the same at 44.4% and 47.4%, respectively. It is believe that crucian carp may be used as a substitute for the valuable grouper in immunity experiment, just from aspect of the relative percent survival (RPS) and how it changes with time. But they were not consistent about the IgM mRNA expression between that of crucian carp and grouper after immersion the Vibrio vaccine.

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“…Teleost gut interacted with the foreign pathogens from water directly and was a main site for pathogens entry in teleost sh. Teleost Igs were proved to elicit the mucosal immune response in GALT by speci c B lymphocytes proliferation and secreting antibodies locally within the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs) [20,21]. The posterior segment of the teleost intestine was discovered to contain several immune cell types and showed to play a more important role in immune responses against pathogen invasion than the rst segment and the second segment of teleost intestine [12,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of A New IgZ3 Subclass from Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) and Comparative Expression Analysis of IgH Transcripts During Ontogeny of Larvae

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Immunoglobulins distributing among systemic immune tissues and mucosal immune tissues play an important role in teleost to protect them from infections in a pathogen-rich aquatic environment. Teleost IgZ/IgT subclasses with different tissue expression patterns may have varied immune functions.Results In the present study, a novel secreted IgZ heavy chain gene was cloned and characterized in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) which was different from the reported IgZ1 and IgZ2 in tissue-specific expression profile. The obtained IgZ-like subclass was designated as CcIgZ3 which complete open reading frame contained 1650 bp encoding a protein of 549 amino acid residues. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that CcIgZ3 was grouped with carp IgZ2 and was in the same branch as other teleosts IgZ/IgT. Basal expression detection of IgH in healthy adult common carp showed that CcIgZ3 transcripts were widely expressed in systemic immune tissues and Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues. It was expressed at a higher level in the head kidney, gill, and gonad, followed by spleen, hindgut, oral epithelium, liver, brain, muscle, foregut, and blood, but at a very low level in the skin. The transcript level of CcIgZ3 mRNA in isolated leukocytes from peripheral blood cells was significantly higher than that of isolated leukocytes from the spleen. Different groups of common carp were infected with Aeromonas hydrophila via intraperitoneal injection and immersion respectively. The qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that a significant difference in CcIgZ3 mRNA level between immersion and injection groups existed in all the detected tissues including head kidney, spleen, liver, and hindgut, especially in hindgut CcIgZ3 mRNA level was higher in immersion than in the injection group. Different routes for Aeromonas hydrophila challenge to common carp had comparatively less effect on IgM response. Further study on the relative expression of the IgH gene during the ontogeny of common carp presented that the tissue-specific expression profile of CcIgZ3 was very different from the others. In the early larval development stage of common carp from 1 dpf to 31 dpf, the qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the CcIgZ3 mRNA level increased gradually with a similar dynamic tendency of IgZ1 and IgZ2 and IgM was the dominant Ig with obviously higher abundance. The results of tissue-specific expression of IgH at 65 dpf of common carp showed that CcIgZ3 was expressed at mucosal sites including both hindgut and gill but IgZ1 was preferentially expressed in hindgut and IgZ2 in gill. Except for qRT-PCR analysis, the detection of the CcIgZ3-expressing cells and IgM-expressing cells by in situ hybridization was performed. The results showed that CcIgZ3 and IgM transcripts could be detected in the spleen, gill, and hindgut of the common carp at 65dpf. Conclusions These results revealed that CcIgZ3 gene transcript occurred in the early development stage of common carp not only in systemic tissues but also in mucosal tissues. CcIgZ3 could be induced with significantly different expression profiles at immune tissues after the challenge by Aeromonas hydrophila immersion and intraperitoneal injection, which indicated that CcIgZ3 might play a more important role in mucosal immunity than in systemic immunity.

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Immunoglobulins, Mucosal Immunity and Vaccination in Teleost Fish

Cited by 145 publications

References 129 publications

State-of-the-Art Vaccine Research for Aquaculture Use: The Case of Three Economically Relevant Fish Species

State-of-the-Art Vaccine Research for Aquaculture Use: The Case of Three Economically Relevant Fish Species

Study on Immune Response of Organs of Epinephelus coioides and Carassius auratus After Immersion Vaccination With Inactivated Vibrio harveyi Vaccine

Molecular Characterization of A New IgZ3 Subclass from Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) and Comparative Expression Analysis of IgH Transcripts During Ontogeny of Larvae

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