Sebaran Efisiensi Teknis Berdasarkan Sumber Inefisiensi pada Usahatani Jagung Di Kabupaten Kendal, Jawa Tengah Distribution of Technical Efficiency Based on Source of Inefficiency in Maize Farming in Kendal District, Central Java

Abstract

ABSTRAKKabupaten Kendal merupakan salah satu sentra produksi jagung di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dengan produktivitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan produktivitas provinsi dan nasional. Produktivitas tersebut diperoleh petani melalui penggunaan beberapa input produksi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman teknologi usahatani jagung, mengetahui efisiensi, dan sumber inefisiensi serta penyebaran efisiensi berdasarkan sumber-sumber inefisiensi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Wirosari, Kecamatan Patean, Kabupaten Kendal pada bulan Agustus-November 2018. Penelitian menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh melalui metode survei pada 30 petani responden. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan fungsi produksi stochastic frontier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petani masih menggunakan input produksi yang beragam sehingga efisiensi teknis yang diperoleh masih rendah, yaitu 0,57. Rendahnya efisiensi ini disebabkan oleh umur dan pendidikan petani, serta pengalaman usahatani. Dengan bertambahnya pengalaman usahatani, umur petani semakin bertambah sehingga efisiensi semakin berkurang karena kemampuan fisik petani semakin berkurang. Di samping dua faktor tersebut, pendidikan yang tinggi justru menjadi penyebab terjadinya inefisiensi usahatani. Oleh karena itu, untuk meningkatkan efisiensi usahatani jagung perlu inovasi teknologi usahatani dan mengintensifkan petugas pendamping, serta meningkatkan daya tarik sektor pertanian bagi generasi muda dengan fasilitasi teknologi digital dan program pertukaran pemuda tani. kata kunci: efisiensi, jagung, sumber inefisiensi, sektor pertanian ABSTRACT Kendal District is one of the maize production centers in Central Java Province with higher productivity than provincial productivity. This productivity is obtained by farmers by using production inputs efficiently. This study aimed to determine the performance of maize farming technology, to know the efficiency and sources of inefficiency, and to distribution efficiency based on sources of inefficiency. The study was conducted in Wirosari Village, Patean Subdistrict, Kendal District in August-November 2019. Primary data was collected through a survey method by interviewing 30 respondents. The data was analyzed the stochastic frontier production function. The results showed that the farmer still uses diverse production inputs so that the technical efficiency of maize farming was still low which is 0.57. The low efficiency was caused by the age, education, and farming experience of the farmer. With the increase in farming experience, the age of farmers is increasing so that efficiency decreases because farmers' physical abilities diminish. Therefore, to improve the farming efficiency of maize farming it is necessary to technology innovation and intensifies escort officers, and increase the attractiveness of the agricultural sector for the younger generation by facilitating digital technology and youth farmer exchange programs.

Technical, Economic, and Allocative Efficiency of Corn Farming In South Lampung Regency

“…This shows that, increasing the number of seeds by 1% will increasing corn production by 0.373 %. These results are in accordance to research by Situmorang et al (2020); Nursan (2016); Rohi et al (2018); Abdulai et al (2015); Bati et al (2017);and Sahara et al (2019), that corn output is positively impacted by the amount of seeds. The recommended use of corn seed is 20 kg/ha (Paeru & Dewi, 2017), but the average use of seed by farmers is 17.46 kg/ha.…”

“…If the use of labor is added by 1%, it will increase corn production by 0.392 %. This is in appropriate with the research of Fadwiwati et al (2014); Sahara et al (2019); Prasetyo & Fauziyah (2020); Sisay et al (2015); Bati et al (2017);and Nursan (2016). The addition of labor can be done in soil processing activities.…”

“…which means that 97.6% of the variation in production between farmers is caused by differences in technical efficiency, while the remaining 2.4% is due to stochastic effects that are out of the model, there is: climate influence, natural disasters, pests and plant diseases, and others. This study has a gamma value that is smaller than the research of Sahara et al, (2019) on corn farming in Kendal Regency that is 0.99, but it is greater than the gamma value in Rohi (2018) research on corn farming in East Kupang District, Kupang Regency which is equal to 0.68. The value of the Generalized Likelihood Ratio (LR) in the stochastic frontier corn production model is 19,179.…”

Efisiensi Dan Kelayakan Usahatani Padi Sawah Tadah Hujan Kabupaten Barru

“…Efisiensi teknis suatu usahatani berkisar antara 0 sampai 1, oleh karena itu semakin mendekati nilai 1 maka usahatani tersebut semakin efisien dalam hal menggunakan faktor produksi (Hidayati & Jakiyah, 2021). Petani dikatakan efisien secara teknis apabila nilai yang diperoleh lebih besar dari 0,8 dan petani tidak efisien apabila nilai yang diperoleh kurang dari 0,8 (Sahara et al, 2019). Nilai efisiensi teknis yang tinggi menunjukkan bahwa teknologi yang ada sudah dapat dimanfaatkan dengan baik oleh petani sehingga produksi optimal dapat dicapai dengan maksimal, sedangkan nilai efisiensi teknis yang rendah menunjukkan bahwa teknologi yang ada belum mampu dimanfaatkan secara optimal untuk memperoleh hasil yang maksimal (Rivanda et al, 2015).…”

The effect of Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) chicken innovation characteristics toward the development of farmers perceptions in South Sumatra

“…The more family members, the greater the need, and this affects farmers in taking the risk of developing a livestock business. However, the number was also the working capital in the family, which can help in the implementation of farming [23].…”