Nowadays, the use of homogenous catalyst has been gradually reduced for its operational reason. The homogenous catalyst leads in difficulty of separation after the process completed and the life cycle is shorter. Therefore, most of researches are introducing heterogeneous catalyst for its substitution. This research was aimed to evaluate the use of shell of Anadara granosa and CaCO3 as source of CaO based catalyst through impregnation method. The preparation of the catalyst was started by decomposition of shells and CaCO3 at temperature of 800 o C for 3 hours, followed by impregnation at 70 o C for 4 hours and then calcined at 800 o C for 2 hours. The CaCO3 based catalyst gained high yield of biodiesel (94%) as compared to Anadara granoasa based catalyst (92%). The reusability study showed that these catalysts could be used until three times recycle with 40-60% yield of biodiesel. The CaO contents of catalyst decreased up to 90% after three times recycles.
A small and robust dosimeter for determining the biologically effective dose of ambient UV radiation has been developed using UV-sensitive mutant spores of Bacillus subtilis strain TKJ6312. A membrane filter with four spots of the spores was snapped to a slide mount. The slide was wrapped and covered with two or more layers of polyethylene sheet to protect the sample from rain and snow and to reduce monthly-cumulative doses within the measurable range. From 1999, monthly data were collected at 17 sites for more than 1 year, and data for 4 to 6 consecutive years were obtained from 12 sites. Yearly total values of the spore inactivation dose (SID) ranged from 3200 at subarctic Oulu to 96 000 at tropical Denpasar, and the mean yearly values of SID exhibited an exponential dependence on latitude in both hemispheres with a doubling for about every 14 degrees of change. During the observation period, increasing trends of UV doses have been observed at all sites with more than 5 years of data available. Year-to-year variations at high and middle latitude sites are considered due mostly to climatic variation. At three tropical sites, negative correlations between the yearly doses and the column ozone amounts were observed. The results verified the applicability of spore dosimetry for global and long-time monitoring of solar UV radiation, in particular at tropical sites where no monitoring is taking place.
This study entitled: "Financial Literacy and Utility Products and Services Financial Institutions". The purpose of this research are: 1) Knowing and analyzing the financial literacy index of financial products and services to the students of the faculty of Economics and Business jenderal Soedirman University 2) Knowing and analyzing the utility index products and financial services to the students of Economics and Business Faculty; ; 3) Knowing and analyzing the causes and the high barriers to low index Financial Literacy and utility products and financial services among the students of the Faculty of Economics and Business Faculty; 4) Determine and analyze whether the effort made by Fiancial Service Autority, Financial Institutions and the Program to improve the financial literacy of students; 5) Provide input to the Financial Services Authority and the Program in preparing the financial literacy materials needed to improve students understanding of financial products and services. This research is a qualitative descriptive method analysis using informants population and students of the Faculty of Economics and Business UNSOED, the Financial Services Authority officials, managers of Studies, and Financial Institutions Officer. The results showed that financial literacy index of financial institutions that exist in Indonesia at the FEB students Unsoed still low at only $ 4.76 for students who are well literate and amounted to 95.24% in banking products and services. Causes and high barriers to low index of Literacy Financial and utility products and financial services among the students of the Faculty of Economics and Business UNSOED is: do not get the financial education of the family as a child (80%), not taught in formal education as a child (77%), not to get the material and a deep understanding of the subjects were obtained during the study (70%), and the limited funds received from parents and therefore can not be used to invest in products and services of financial institutions (93%). Therefore, the financial services authority need to be more intensive in propagating financial literacy program for students with conduct socialization activities continuously. While the Program need to improve financial learning with learning innovation, identifying subjects that are relevant to the Financial Literacy material, determine appropriate teaching methods and reviewing the curriculum back.
ABSTRAKGangguan jiwa merupakan manifestasi dari bentuk penyimpangan perilaku akibat adanya distorsi emosi sehingga ditemukan ketidakwajaran dalam bertingkah laku. Hal ini terjadi karena menurunnya semua fungsi kejiwaan. Menurut data World Health Organization sebanyak 35 juta orang terkena depresi, 60 juta orang terkena bipolar, 47,5 juta terkena dimensia dan 21 juta terkena skizofrenia. Mengeksplorasi peran kader kesehatan jiwa dalam penanganan pasien gangguan jiwa di RW 06 Kelurahan Gemah Kota Semarang. Penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Partisipan menggunakan 3 (tiga) Kader Kesehatan Jiwa di RW 06 Kelurahan Gemah Kota Semarang. Peran Kader Kesehatan Jiwa dalam penyuluhan dengan melakukan pendekatan pada keluarga yang mengidap gangguan jiwa, dan melaksanakan pemantauan perkembangan individu dengan gangguan jiwa. Melakukan kegiatan TAK dan rehabilitasi sesuai dengan prosedur pelaksanaan. Memberikan informasi untuk menggerakkan keluarga untuk melakukan rujukan pada pasien dengan gangguan gangguan jiwa. Melakukan pendokumentasian sesuai dengan lembar observasi yang sudah tersedia. ABSTRACTMental disorder is a manifestation of the form of behavioral aberrations due to emotional distortion to the point that there is an irregularity in behavior. This happens because of the decline in all psychological functions. According to World Health Organization data of 35 million people affected by depression, 60 million people exposed to bipolar, 47.5 million exposed to dementia and 21 million exposed to schizophrenia. Exploration study on the role of mental health cadres in the handling of mental patients in RW 06 Kelurahan Gemah Semarang City. The research method used qualitative research with phenomenology approach. Participants in this study is 3 (three) of mental health cadres. The roles of mental health cadres for health counseling in RW 06 Kelurahan Gemah Semarang City by collecting data on people with mental disorders, recording individuals with mental disorders, getting approval from families to obtain information and carry out monitoring the development of individuals with mental disorders. TAK and rehabilitation activities require a strategic approach by following procedures in the implementation of TAK, Providing information to mobilize families to conduct referrals in patients with mental disorders and recording and documenting the development of mental health in the available observation sheets.
Biological monitoring of solar UV radiation using spore dosimeters has been undertaken since the year 1999 at more than 20 sites in Asia, Europe and South America. The monthly-cumulative data to the end of the year 2004 have been presented before. In this paper, successive data to the end of the year 2007 are compiled and the trends and correlation analyses with yearly and monthly average amounts of columnar ozone are presented. Mean yearly doses at 10 northern and 6 southern hemisphere sites exhibited exponential latitudinal gradients with similar slopes indicating a doubling of the dose with the decline of about 14 degrees. Among 12 sites where continual data for more than 6 years were available, increasing trends in yearly UV doses were observed at 11 sites. At one European (Brussels), two tropical Asian (Padang and Denpasar), and two South American (São Martinho and Punta Arenas) sites, decreasing trends of ozone amounts were noted, whereas at the remaining 6 sites (five sites in Japan and Thessaloniki), increasing trends of the UV doses were observed without notable changes, or with an increase at one site (Kiyotake), of the average ozone amounts. At one site (Taipei), the UV doses and the ozone amounts stayed constant. In the monsoon areas, climatic variations and changes, particularly in the extent of cloudiness and frequency of rainfall in summer months, might have been largely responsible for the trends of the UV doses. However, even at these sites, the decreases in the ozone amounts in summer months were frequently observed and might have contributed to the increasing trends of the UV doses. Since each region and locality is unique in climatic and atmospheric conditions, it is not easy to generalize the global trends. However, at many sites involved in this monitoring project, the increases in the biological UV doses during this period seemed to be linked to the decreases in the ozone amounts.
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