Seasonality Effects on the Mineral Profile of Goats Farmed in the Semiarid Region of Brazil

Abstract

Seasonality effects on the mineral profile of goats were evaluated. Fifty males were divided into two groups, one with mineral supplementation and one control. Seasonal evaluation was conducted during four periods: beginning, middle, and end of the dry period and middle of the rainy period. Rib and liver biopsies were performed, and blood was collected at each period to evaluate mineral accumulation. Ca, P, Cu, Fe, Mo, Zn, and Co concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry after acid digestion. Normal Ca, P, and Mo; low Cu, Zn, and Co; and high Fe levels were observed in the diet. The young animals analyzed showed normal serum and bone Ca and P concentrations, suggesting no need for supplementation throughout the entire year under the conditions of this study. Iron showed high values throughout the year, being potentially dangerous especially owing to its antagonistic relationship with other elements. Cu and Zn deficiency in the diet was observed under the conditions of this study, requiring supplementation with values higher than those contained in the mineral supplement used in the middle and end of the dry period. The supply of specific mineral supplement formulated for animals farmed in the semiarid region is suggested and would reduce costs.

Ovarian Inactivity in Traditionally Raised Indonesian Bligon Goats: Association with Microminerals

“…Zn and Cu concentration (ppm) and BCS of Bligon does with inactive or active ovariesThe serum Zn levels of Bligon goats in this study ranged from 0.99 to 5.16 ppm. This value was comparable to the results of studies on Nubian goats of 1.12-6.59 ppm(Hamid et al, 1994), goats in Kashmir of 0.86 ± 0.21 ppm(Yatoo et al, 2013), and goats in Austria of 0.27-1.09 ppm(Schweinzer et al, 2017), but higher than the blood Zn levels of goats in Brazil of 0.54-0.66 ppm(Lima et al, 2021), Kacang goats in West Sumatra of 0.37 ± 0.16 ppm(Khalil et al, 2019), and Saanen goats in Iran of 0.59 ppm(Samimi et al, 2021). Overall, the serum Zn levels of Bligon does in the recent study were above the critical level (de ciency) recommended for goats byMcDowell (1985) and cited by Goklaney et al (2018), namely 0.80 ppm.…”

Monthly Dynamics of Plasma Elements, Hematology, Oxidative Stress Markers, and Hormonal Concentrations in Growing Male Shiba Goats (Capra hircus) Reared in Tokyo-Japan

“…The synergistic and complementary activity of the aforementioned parameters enhances to some extent the lifelong production and well-being of farm animals [ 45 ]. Various studies have profiled the hemato-biochemical variations in different breeds of goats in different geographical areas [ 16 , 18 ] [ 17 ]. Nevertheless, Shiba goats—a non-seasonal breeding goat that is reared principally in Japan [ 1 , 46 ], supports lifelong research studies in animal reproduction [ 1 , 36 ], and has been recently introduced in cardiovascular pathophysiology [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 10 ]—have not been investigated before.…”

“…Assessment of mineral elements and their roles in oxidative stress are essential as a complementary tool in the evaluation of the nutritional and metabolic status of animals. Several studies have demonstrated the link between nutritional status, oxidative stress markers, and changes in organ and tissue contents of some mineral elements at normal and deficient levels concerning puberty onset, impaired reproductive efficiency, reproductive seasonality, growth rate, milk production, and mortality of goats and their kids [ 12 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The first few months of an animal’s life are critical because they determine the performance style and the economic trait of the individuals; hence, more benefits would be obtained when earlier puberty and sexual maturity, which are ultimately under the control of reproductive hormones.…”

Diffuse Alopecia and Thyroid Atrophy in Sheep

“…Mineral supplementation, mainly zinc, is indicated during the dry period. Zinc bioavailability in ruminants appear to be affected by dietary factors that have not yet been clearly defined [ 45 ].…”