The rapid development of precocial goats in the first weeks after birth requires an adequate adaptation of phosphate transport systems to maintain the P homeostasis at each developmental stage. Here we examined the age-related development of Na+-Pi transport systems in small intestines, kidneys, and parotid glands of goats. Kinetic parameters were determined by brush-border membrane vesicle uptake studies, and relative expression of NaPi type II mRNA and protein was recorded by molecular biological methods. High intestinal Pi transport capacity was already present on the first day of life. Within the first 3 wk of life there seemed to be a change in the type of Na+-dependent Pi transporter, and NaPi IIb was expressed increasingly up to the fifth month of life. Renal Na+-Pi transport capacity was also high at birth, and this was associated with high expression levels of NaPi IIa mRNA, indicating the important role of this transporter for renal Pi reabsorption. At weaning an increase in both intestinal and renal Na+-Pi transport balanced the increasing requirements for Pi to establish the endogenous Pi cycle. Salivary Pi concentration and parotid NaPi II mRNA rose markedly to guarantee an adequate Pi supply for rumen microbes. We concluded that the high demand for Pi in young goats was assured by high basal Na+-Pi transport capacity of small intestines and kidney expressed continuously during ontogenesis.
This study aimed to determine the influence of body condition score (BCS) on the metabolic and reproductive status of adult female Kacang goats (Capra hircus). Twenty-three local doe goats aged 3-6 years, which were not pregnant and had BCS ranging from 1-3 on a scale of 1-5, were studied. Blood samples were collected before slaughtering for biochemical analyses. After the goats were killed, the ovaries were collected for follicle and corpus luteum (CL) examination. Ovarian follicular fluid was aspirated for biochemical analyses. Most blood biochemistry parameters of the goats with BCS 1-3 did not show significant differences (P>0.05). The ovaries with BCS 1 were acyclic; whereas the ovaries with BCSs 2 and 3 were cyclic. The ovarian follicular fluid concentrations of glucose, Ca, and Mg in the goats with BCS 1 were significantly lower than those of the goats with BCSs 2 and 3. The levels of TP, ALB, and cholesterol in the ovarian follicular fluid were significantly correlated with the blood results (P<0.05). In conclusion, Kacang goats with poor body conditions showed ovarian dysfunction. The levels of TP, ALB, and cholesterol in follicular fluid were related to the blood metabolite levels.
Aim: This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) worms in Wonosobo and thin-tailed sheep from the slope of Mount Sumbing. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples (n=305) were collected directly from the rectum of Wonosobo and thin-tailed sheep during the dry and rainy seasons in Wonosobo Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The presence of GI helminth eggs in the fecal samples was assessed using the modified McMaster egg counting technique. The identification of the eggs or oocysts was done on the basis of their morphology and size. Results: The highest prevalence of GI worms was observed in male thin-tailed sheep (76.47%) during the rainy season, whereas the lowest prevalence was observed in female Wonosobo sheep (47.36%) during the dry season. The types of GI nematodes observed in these two types of sheep were Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Bunostomum spp., Trichuris spp., and Moniezia spp. The GI worms with the highest prevalence were of Haemonchus spp. and were observed in male thin-tailed sheep. The prevalences of the two types of sheep assessed at an altitude of 1150 m above sea level were higher than those observed at the altitude of 1586 m. The prevalence of clinical and sub-clinical parasites infestation in Wonosobo and thin-tailed sheep in Kwadungan village was significantly different (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that two types of local sheep on the slope of Mount Sumbing are infected with various GI worms during the dry and rainy seasons. The highest prevalence of GI worms was found in thin-tailed sheep at an altitude of 1150 m above sea level during the rainy season, with H. contortus being the most prevalent GI parasites.
It was the aim of these experiments to characterize further the role of sal~vary glands and kidneys in phosphate (PJ homeostasis of small ruminants. Renal clearance experiments were performed in five female, non-pregnant adult goats during infusions of physiological NaCl or isotonic phosphate solution. Basal plasma P, concentrations of 1.6 & 0.3 m~ (NaCI infusion) were associated with a renal resorption of the filtered P, by 98.5-99.3% and P, was excreted in the urine at a rate of 1.2-2.8 pnol/min. Elevating the plasma P, levels up to 7.2 1.7 m~ resulted in significant increases of P, excretion. The mean plasma threshold for renal P, excretion of these animals was high (4.3 1.0 mM) and thus substantially higher than the physiological range of plasma P,. The maximal tubular resorption rate for P, in goats was found to be higher than the respective values in monogastric animals. In relation to the enhanced P, concentrations in plasma the salivary P, concentrations increased simultaneously and reached a maximum level of about 66.3 m~ at plasma levels between 4-6 m~. Indications for hormonal regulation mechanisms via parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol could not be detected during the infusion periods.
Salah satu penyakit pada kucing dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas tinggi adalah Feline Panleukopenia (FPL). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran leukosit kucing penderita Feline Panleukopenia. Penelitian ini menggunakan 27 ekor kucing jantan dan betina berbagai umur yang didiagnosa FPL berdasar Feline Parvo Virus Ag test. Semua kucing diambil darah secara lege artis sebanyak 1 ml, diperiksa jumlah leukositnya, kemudian dianalisis secara diskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa FPL lebih banyak diderita kucing jantan (59,3 % ) dari pada betina (40,7%). Kejadian FPL lebih banyak diderita kucing umur ≤ 6 bulan, yaitu 21 ekor (77,8 %) dibanding umur > 6 bulan, yaitu 6 ekor (22,2 %). Sebanyak 19 ekor (70,4 %) FPL mempunyai jumlah total leukosit < 1.000 sel/mm3, 4 ekor (14,8 %) 1.000 – 2.500 sel/mm3 dan 4 ekor yang lain (14,8 %) > 2.500 sel/mm3. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar penderita Feline Panleukopenia mengalami penurunan leukosit berat dengan prognosis infausta, terutama pada kucing jantan dan umur muda.
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