Seasonal variations of the humoral immune parameters of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.)

Abstract

Seasonal cycles, mainly due to great variations in the light duration and temperature, are important and modulate several aspects of the animal behavior. In the case of poikilotherms animals such as fish this is very relevant. Thus, temperature changes fish immunity and affects disease resistance. We evaluate in this work the season variations of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) humoral innate parameters focusing on winter months, at which the culture of this specie is more difficult. Our results showed that not all the innate immune parameters are depressed by low temperatures. Moreover, some of them are more dependent than others to the season and both temperature and photoperiod are operating together.

Cross-effects of dietary probiotic supplementation and rearing temperature on antioxidant responses in European seabass [Dicentrarchus labrax(Linnaeus, 1758)] juveniles

“…Since GSH represents a large majority of the TG, its increase has a direct effect on the TG. In agreement with these results, Valero, García‐Alcázar, Esteban, Cuesta, and Chaves‐Pozo () showed that GSH levels follow a seasonal pattern, with higher levels in summer. Moreover, in our experiment GSSG levels were unaffected by temperature.…”

Cross-effects of dietary probiotic supplementation and rearing temperature on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, cumulative mortality and innate immune response in seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

“…However, the temperature gradient in the 70-day results disagrees with the temperature tendency described by Magnadottir (2006), where the lower temperatures tend to reveal lower ACH50 results. On the contrary, Valero et al (2014) found no temperature-ACH50 clear interaction, with high ACH50 values occurring in both colder and warmer months.…”

“…On the contrary, Valero et al. () found no temperature–ACH50 clear interaction, with high ACH50 values occurring in both colder and warmer months. Nevertheless, these works support certain time‐response features regarding lysozyme initial peak and the temperature–time cross‐effect in ACH50 and peroxidase activities.…”

“…In our results, lysozyme activity (Table ) did not show any significant differences in both 70‐ and 100‐day supplementation extents. Nevertheless, lysozyme has been reported to respond to probiotic supplementation (Nayak, ) and rearing temperature (Valero, García‐Alcázar, Esteban, Cuesta, & Chaves‐Pozo, ), interestingly only when below 15°C. Therefore, the temperature range (17–23°C) in this work might have evaded a possible temperature effect over lysozyme activity.…”

“…Temperature influence over peroxidase is not clear in the literature, as Valero et al. () examined that peroxidase variations seem more daylight correlated than temperature dependent. A time response for peroxidase activities has also been seen in shorter experiments (2–4 weeks), with increases being detectable only after 4 weeks in a vitamin D3 supplementation experiment with gilthead seabream (Cerezuela, Cuesta, Meseguer, & Esteban, ).…”