Seasonal immune rhythm of leukocytes in the freshwater snakehead fish, Channa punctatus

Bhardwaj, Ajay Kumar; Chandra, Rakesh; Pati, Atanu Kumar; Tripathi, Manish Kumar

doi:10.1007/s00360-022-01460-7

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Circannual rhythm in nitrite release by fish leucocytes has been demonstrated in Channa punctatus where authors found elevated nitrite production during spring 41 , 50 . Winter-induced increase in nitrite release has been reported in snake N. piscator 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Annual rhythm in immune functions of blood leucocytes in an ophidian, Natrix piscator

Singh,

Parganiha

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Annual variations in animal’s physiological functions are an essential strategy to deal with seasonal challenges which also vary according to the time of year. Information regarding annual adaptations in the immune-competence to cope with seasonal stressors in reptiles is scarce. The present research plan was designed to analyze the presence of circannual immune rhythms in defense responses of the leucocytes in an ophidian, Natrix piscator. Peripheral blood leucocytes were obtained, counted, and superoxide anion production, neutrophil phagocytosis, and nitrite release were tested to assess the innate immune functions. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were separated by centrifugation (utilizing density gradient) and the cell proliferation was measured. The Cosinor rhythmometry disclosed the presence of significant annual rhythms in the number of leucocytes, superoxide anion production, nitric oxide production, and proliferation of stimulated lymphocytes. The authors found that respiratory burst activity and proliferative responses of lymphocytes were crucial immune responses that showed the annual rhythm. It was summarized that the immune function of the N. piscator is a labile attribute that makes the animal competent to cope with the seasonal stressor by adjustment in the potency of response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Authors of various studies have found that blood immune cells are differentially altered after photoperiodic manipulation 37 – 40 . The comparative study of variation in leucocyte number demonstrates that seasonal fluctuation in the cell population is an adaptive strategy to cope with seasonal stressors 41 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual rhythm in immune functions of blood leucocytes in an ophidian, Natrix piscator

Singh,

Parganiha

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…The worldwide spread and growth of this species require greater knowledge of biology and techniques for monitoring the state of health through greater knowledge of the hematological profile and, at the same time, experimenting with the use of new and updated techniques and analytics to improve the accuracy of analyses. The number, morphology, and distribution of blood cells in fish are influenced by numerous endogenous and exogenous factors [17][18][19][20][21][22], which must be appropriately considered in farmed fish species. Modifications in the number and features of blood cells are useful indicators in the diagnosis of fish diseases [16], and thus, the use of automated and innovative analytical methods to evaluate them could provide significant enhancements to aquaculture practice and fisheries management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated Hematological Approach and Protein Electrophoretic Pattern in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): An Innovative and Experimental Model for Aquaculture

Fazio,

Costa,

Capparucci

et al. 2024

Animals

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This study aimed to assess the usefulness of two innovative automated methods (automated blood count counters and flow cytometry) for hematological investigation in Tilapia to make a contribution to the clinical diagnostics of this farmed species. Moreover, serum total proteins and their electrophoretic fractions (prealbumin, albumin, α-, β-, and γ-fraction), as health condition indicators, were assessed. The analysis of serum total proteins and electrophoretic fraction showed a normal and typical electrophoretic pattern of healthy fish (serum total proteins, 3.70 ± 0.62 g/dL; prealbumin, 0.44 ± 0.20 g/dL; albumin, 1.17 ± 0.66 g/dL; α-fraction, 1.49 ± 0.64 g/dL; β-fraction, 0.32 ± 0.16 g/dL; and γ-fraction, 0.29 ± 0.13 g/dL). The relationships between the values of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and thrombocytes (TCs) obtained with the two automated methods were determined using Pearson correlation analysis. The results showed a significant positive correlation between automatic blood cell counting and flow cytometry analysis for RBCs (r = 0.97, p < 0.0001) and WBCs (r = 0.91, p < 0.0001), whereas no correlation was found for TCs (r = −0.11, p = 0.66). The preliminary results gathered in this study seem to highlight the usefulness of the new analytical techniques herein investigated in tilapia, suggesting their application in the hematological investigation of farmed fish species and their usefulness for monitoring the health and well-being of fish reared in aquaculture.

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“…These factors drastically differ between seasons and cause season-dependent changes in the immunological parameters such as hematocrit, the number of leukocytes and their activity (respiratory burst, phagocytosis and nitrite production (Saha et al 2002 ; Buchtíková et al 2011 ; Montero et al 2022 ; Zheng et al 2022 ). Moreover, the production of antibacterial proteins and IgM, as well as the activity of the complement system, is often reported to be season dependent (Saha et al 2002 ; Buchtíková et al 2011 ; Dolan et al 2016 ; Kondera et al 2019 ; Bhardwaj et al 2022 ). Furthermore, exposure to many parasites and pathogens varies seasonally, following the parasite life cycle or because of intra-annual variation in the infectivity of pathogens (Banerjee and Bandyopadhyay 2010 ; Rohlenová et al 2011 ; Szwejser et al 2017b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Season affects the estrogen system and the immune response of common carp

Maciuszek,

Pijanowski,

Kemenade

et al. 2023

Fish Physiol Biochem

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The physiology of ectothermic animals, including fish, is strictly regulated by season-related external factors such as temperature or photoperiod. The immune response and the production of hormones, such as estrogens, are therefore also subject to seasonal changes. This study in common carp aimed to determine how the season affects the estrogen system and the immune response, including the antibacterial response during Aeromonas salmonicida infection. We compared the immune reaction in spring and autumn in the head kidney and liver and found that carp have higher levels of blood 17β-estradiol in autumn, while in the liver of these fish there is a higher constitutive expression of genes encoding vitellogenin, estrogen receptors and Cyp19 aromatase than in spring. Fish sampled in autumn also exhibited higher expression of immune-related genes in the liver. In contrast, in the head kidney from fish sampled in the autumn, the expression of genes encoding estrogen receptors and aromatase was lower than in spring, and a similar profile of expression was also measured in the head kidney for inos, arginases and il-10. In turn, during bacterial infection, we observed higher upregulation of the expression of inos, il-12p35, ifnγ-2, arginase 2 and il-10 in the liver of carp sampled in spring. In the liver of carp infected in spring a higher upregulation of the expression of the genes encoding CRPs was observed compared to fish infected during autumn. The opposite trend occurred in the head kidney, where the upregulation of the expression of the genes involved in the immune response was higher in fish infected in autumn than in those infected in spring. During the infection, also season-dependent changes occurred in the estrogen system. In conclusion, we demonstrated that season differentially affects the estrogenic and immune activity of the head kidney and liver. These results reinforce our previous findings that the endocrine and immune systems cooperate in maintaining homeostasis and fighting infection.

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Seasonal immune rhythm of leukocytes in the freshwater snakehead fish, Channa punctatus

Cited by 4 publications

References 41 publications

Annual rhythm in immune functions of blood leucocytes in an ophidian, Natrix piscator

Annual rhythm in immune functions of blood leucocytes in an ophidian, Natrix piscator

Automated Hematological Approach and Protein Electrophoretic Pattern in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): An Innovative and Experimental Model for Aquaculture

Season affects the estrogen system and the immune response of common carp

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