Seasonal Variation of Some Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Three Major Rivers in Imphal, Manipur: A Comparative Evaluation

Abstract

Documentation on water quality based on seasonal distribution pattern of physic-chemical characteristics of the three major rivers flowing in Imphal, Manipur were carried out during July, 2011 to June, 2012. Three main seasons were classified based on the ombothermicinformation for ten years weather data of Imphal. Significant seasonal variations of the different parameters were observed and the study has a great valuein terms of river ecosystem as well as water quality in different seasons.

The Study Of Physico- Chemical And Bacteriological Parameters Of River Salandi And Assessment Of Water Quality Index From Hadagada Dam To Akhandalmani, Bhadrak, Odisha, India

“…The dissolution of CO 2 and Cl 2 in the surface of water forms carbonic acid and hypochlorous acid respectively which fall the P H [40,42]. According to Hutchinson (1975), if water body is neither highly alkaline nor highly acidic, the P H of water body is generally governed by CO 2 , CO 3 2-and HCO 3 -system [63]. The P H of water samples for nine monitoring stations has been measured from the month of April, 2015 to December, 2016 season wise.…”

“…The higher P H (7.0-7.3) is observed from upstream to downstream in the months from April, 2015 to December, 2016 except May, 2015 and 2016 with certain irregularities that, at Hadagada, Bidyadharpur, Satbhauni and Dhusuri slight lower P H (6.7-6.9) is observed only during April, 2015 and particular at Hadagada, lower P H (6.7-6.9) is observed only during winter season for two monitoring years 2015 and 2016. The comparatively lower P H in the month of May can be attributed due to low flow of water and decomposition of organic materials at high temperature that releases acids and CO 2 [20,25,35,61,63]. The higher P H in rainy(August) and post-rainy(October) for entire two years of study can be due to high rate of photosynthesis by autotrops as myxophyceae bloom is observed in the river bed, high flow of rain water and flood that dilutes the pollutants [10,20,23,35,42,44,70].…”

“…Further the higher value of DO at Baudpur (6.87) than its upstream station Randia is due to the dilution of industrial effluents discharged from Ferro-Chrome plant at Randia in due course of water flow. Besides, the higher value of DO in rainy (August) and post-rainy (October) is due to high flow of rain water, flood that dilutes the pollution load, aeration and after all more dissolution of atmospheric oxygen due to low temperature [20,33,35,40,44,63]. More ever, it is needless to mention that the DO values are always higher at Hadagada with slight seasonal variation (7.0-7.2) for entire period of study irrespective of the nature of seasons and it can be attributed to higher rate of photosynthesis by autotrops as myxophyceae bloom is observed in the river bed, low pollution load of the river in the upstream, more dissolution of atmospheric oxygen and low rate of eutrophication due to dense forest environment [20,35,42,51,70] …”

Studies on Sediment Chemistry of River Yamuna with Special Reference to Industrial Effluents in Yamunanagar, India

“…Generally high values of nutrients and organic matter reflect a constant supply from sewage input (Bath and Kaur, 1999). The increase in the values of organic matter at Y2 may be due to influx of effluents through maskaranala at station Y2 (Singh et al, 2013).…”

Spatio-temporal patterns and factors controlling the hydrogeochemistry of the river Jhelum basin, Kashmir Himalaya

“…Generally, the K + ions show least variation among the major dissolved ions in river water (Berner and Berner 1996). However, the high CV of K + and Cl − ions collectively indicates additional sources than the lithology of these ions, i.e., source of pollution from domestic and municipal wastes (Trivedy and Goel 1984), as well as decomposed plant matter (Singh et al 2013). These ions together with NO 3 − and Na + ions also show high variability in left bank tributaries along which more land area is under cultivation.…”