Seasonal Variation Influence Endophytic Actinobacterial Communities of Medicinal Plants from Tropical Deciduous Forest of Meghalaya and Characterization of Their Plant Growth-Promoting Potentials

Biodiversity of Culturable Endophytic Actinobacteria Isolated from High Yield Camellia oleifera and Their Plant Growth Promotion Potential

“…Camellia oleifera is of agricultural significance in the southern part of China as the source of tea oil currently, but acid red soil in C. oleifera forestland lacks nutrient contents especially in nitrogen and phosphate, necessitating adaptations in plants for living in such barren soil [16]. Those plants that do survive are expected to harbor beneficial microbes that contribute to the host fitness in demanding habitats [39,40].…”

“…Among these, most were from C. oleifera roots, only a few were from leaves and branches, suggesting that endophytic actinobacteria primarily colonized in root tissues of C. oleifera. Many investigations suggest that rhizosphere is rich in microbial community and plants may release nutrient substances from root into the rhizosphere which can attract rhizospheric actinobacteria [16]. Therefore, rhizosphere actinobacteria can easily enter plant roots and switch to endophytic lifestyles, shaping the specific microbial assemblages of the plant [41,42].…”

“…Among the obtained isolates, Streptomyces and Amycolatopsis were two shared groups that occurred in four C. oleifera samples, suggesting that the actinobacteria of these two genera are the core members of C. oleifera endophytes (Figure 2). Notably, Streptomyces was the most universal genus among endophytic actinobacteria in various crops and trees [16,46], suggesting its high adaptability to a wide range of plants and environments [47]. In addition, endophytic Streptomyces are well-known for their capacity to produce various bioactive metabolites [47], which could serve as beneficial agents towards plant development and health [48,49].…”

“…Furthermore, endophytes are rich resources of novel bioactive substances and thus have enormous potentials in pharmaceutical, agricultural, and biotechnological industries [15]. Especially the phylum Actinobacteria are in the foreground due to their production of secondary metabolites with multiple functions, for example an antibacterial, antifungal and antitumoral [16]. Therefore, endophytic actinobacteria are considered promising agents for agriculture and industry [17].…”

The Microbiome of the Medicinal Plants Achillea millefolium L. and Hamamelis virginiana L.

“…As a first step toward this aim, Comeau et al (2020) identified spatio-temporal variations in the microbiome of C. sativa at different developmental stages. Further, endophytic Actinobacteria , known for their high potential of producing bioactive compounds, vary seasonally in tropical MPs ( Barman and Dkhar, 2020 ). Therefore, knowledge about the seasonal development and dynamics of the microbiome should be part of a comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions between MP metabolites and the plant’s microbiome.…”