Data Phytochemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and protein binding qualities of hydro-ethanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia
S1. Qualitative analysis of phytochemicalsSmall branches and stem bark extracts (petroleum ether, acetone and methanol) of TC were analyzed for the presence of various phytochemicals using the respective chemical tests as follows.
S1.1. Test for glycosides0.5 mL extract was taken in a test tube, 0.2 mL of 10 % ferric chloride solution and (50 %) glacial acetic acid added. Few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid were added. A blue color production shows the presence of glycosides.
S1.2. Tests for terpenoidsExtract was mixed with chloroform and a few drops of conc. H 2 SO 4 were added, shaken well and allowed to stand for some time. Red color appeared at the lower layer indicated the presence of steroids and formation of yellow colored layer indicated the presence of terpenoids.
S1.3. Test for proteinsAn aliquot of 2 mL of extract was treated with one drop of 2% copper sulphate solution. To this, 1 mL of ethanol (90%) was added, followed by excess of potassium hydroxide pellets. Pink color in ethanol layer indicated the presence of proteins.
S1.4. Test for amino acidsTwo drops of ninhydrine (5%) were added to 1 mL of extract. A characteristic purple color indicated the presence of amino acids.
S1.5. Test for alkaloidsTwo millilitre of 1 % HCl was mixed with 0.1 gm of crude extract and heated slightly. After cooling Wagner's reagent and Mayer's reagent were added to it. The presence of buff colored precipitate indicated the presence of alkaloids.
S1.6. Test for carbohydratesBenedict's reagents was mixed with the 1 mL of crude extract and slightly boiled, appearance of reddish brown precipitate indicated the presence of the carbohydrates.
S1.7. Test for flavonoidsThe appearance of pink scarlet color when 1 mL of crude extract was mixed with few drops of concentrated HCl and Mg pellets indicated the presence of flavonoids.
S1.8. Test for phenols2 mL of 2 % ferric chloride was mixed with the 1 mL of crude extract and the presence of bluegreen or black coloration indicated the presence of phenols.
The Nuclear Medicine Global Initiative (NMGI) was formed in 2012 by 13 international organizations to promote human health by advancing the field of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging by supporting the practice and application of nuclear medicine. The first project focused on standardization of administered activities in pediatric nuclear medicine and resulted in two manuscripts. For its second project the NMGI chose to explore issues impacting on access and availability of radiopharmaceuticals around the world. Methods. Information was obtained by survey responses from 35 countries on available radioisotopes, radiopharmaceuticals and kits for diagnostic and therapeutic use.Issues impacting on access and availability of radiopharmaceuticals in individual countries were also identified. Results. Detailed information on radiopharmaceuticals utilized in each country, and sources of supply, was evaluated. Responses highlighted problems in access particularly due to the reliance on a sole provider, regulatory issues and reimbursement, as well as issues of facilities and workforce particularly in low-and middle-income countries. Conclusions. Strategies to address access and availability of radiopharmaceuticals are outlined, to enable timely and equitable patient access to nuclear medicine procedures worldwide. In the face of disruptions to global supply chains by the COVID-19 outbreak, renewed focus on ensuring reliable supply of radiopharmaceuticals is a major priority for nuclear medicine practice globally.
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