Seasonal effect of vitamin D deficiency in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Abstract

A b s t r a c tBackground: Vitamin D is a major regulator of mineral bone metabolism. The lower vitamin D levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the seasonal variation of vitamin D levels are proposed. Aim:The evaluation of the seasonal relationship of 25(OH)D levels in patients with AMI and analysis of confounding factors (gender or diabetes mellitus) affecting the levels of vitamin D in AMI patients.Methods: Fifty-nine consecutive patients with mean age 58 ± 9.4 years were admitted to the Department of Invasive Cardiology. Subjects had diagnosed uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Blood samples for analysis were collected on patient admission to the cardiac unit after heparin treatment. Samples for routine laboratory tests were immediately processed. For 25(OH)D, the 25-hydroxycholecalciferol test, which measures total vitamin D levels in serum (DRG Instruments GmbH, Marburg, Germany), was applied.Results: Median serum 25(OH)D concentration in AMI patients was below the recommended optimal values 7.1 (2.3-13.3) ng/mL. Fifty-three (89.8%) patients had vitamin D deficiency (VDD) below 20 ng/mL, six (10.2%) patients had suboptimal 25(OH)D levels (between 20 ng/mL and 30 ng/mL), and no one had the recommended reference range. The seasonal effect of 25(OH)D variations among AMI patients was observed with the lowest levels in the beginning of the year (January-March) and the highest levels at the end of the year (September-December) (p = 0.007). Patients with normoglycaemia had significantly higher (9.2 [2.3-16.8] ng/mL) vitamin D levels compared to patients with impaired glucose tolerance (2.3 [2.3-3.9] ng/mL) or diabetes mellitus (8.5 [2.5-13.3] ng/mL) (p = 0.01). Conclusions:A high prevalence of VDD in AMI patients has been confirmed. Supplementation of vitamin D in AMI patients with hyperglycaemia can bring greater benefits.

The Role of Parathyroid Hormone and Vitamin D Serum Concentrations in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases

“…Discrepancies between these values were most probably caused by different time of blood sampling, considering the half-life of 25(OH)D defined was twenty-five days, and lack of skin synthesis in winter could influence the findings. This so-called “seasonal effect” being coherent with our results was also reported by Tokarz et al in the acute myocardial infarction group of patients [ 36 ]. It is worth to mention that 25(OH)D concentration during winter is based upon food intake and previous liver storage.…”

Part One: Extracellular Vesicles as Valuable Players in Diabetic Cardiovascular Diseases

“…Elevated MP levels, such as TF-positive MPs, have been shown to be one of the procoagulant determinants in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus [82]. Also, it was demonstrated that EVs participate in the transport of cytokines and angiogenic factors in diabetic patients with ocular complications [83]. Moreover, a recent study showed that distribution of pro-and anti-angiogenic miRNAs in patients with type 2 diabetes is in close touch with the upregulation or downregulation of miRNAs in the plasma fraction enriched in ectosomes (MVs or MPs) [84].…”

Role of Vitamin D in Cardiovascular Diseases

“…Thus, vitamin D deficiency may play a role in MI. It is further supported by a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in acute MI patients [54–55]. However, studies have reported no association between vitamin D levels, inflammatory markers, and patients with ACS [56–57].…”