Part One: Extracellular Vesicles as Valuable Players in Diabetic Cardiovascular Diseases

Gherghiceanu, Mihaela; Alexandru, Nicoleta; Magda, Stefania; Constantin, Alina; Nemecz, Miruna; Filippi, Alexandru; Ioghen, Octavian Costin; Ceafalan, Laura Cristina; Bojin, Florina; Tanko, Gabriela; Păunescu, Virgil; Vinereanu, Dragoş; Stępień, Ewa; Georgescu, Adelina

doi:10.5772/intechopen.85225

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…Additionally, we have also detected similar multivesicular cargos, which were observed in stem cells derived from the dental pulp [22]. These structures play a fundamental role in paracrine communication, and apart from the stem cells, they can be also observed in endothelial cells derived from the diabetic kidney [23].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Isolation, Culture and Comprehensive Characterization of Biological Properties of Human Urine-Derived Stem Cells

Culenova

Nicodemou

Nováková

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an attractive source within the field of tissue engineering. However, their harvesting often requires invasive medical procedures. Urine-derived stem cells (UDSCs) display similar properties to MSCs, and their obtention and further processing is non-invasive for the donors as well as low cost. Here, we offer a comprehensive analysis of their biological properties. The goal of this study was to analyze their morphology, stemness, differentiation potential and cytokine profile. We have successfully isolated UDSCs from 25 urine samples. First colonies emerged up to 9 days after the initial seeding. Cell doubling time was 45 ± 0.24 SD, and when seeded at the density of 100 cells/cm2, they formed 42 ± 6.5 SD colonies within 10 days. Morphological analyzes revealed that two different types of the cell populations have been present. The first type had a rice-grain shape and the second one was characterized by a polyhedral shape. In several cell cultures, dome-shaped cells were observed as well. All examined UDSCs expressed typical MSC-like surface markers, CD73, CD90 and CD105. Moreover, conditioned media from UDSCs were harvested, and cytokine profile has been evaluated showing a significantly higher secretory rate of IL-8, IL-6 and chemokines MCP-1 and GM-CSF. We have also successfully induced human UDSCs into chondrogenic, osteogenic and myogenic cell lineages. Our findings indicate that UDSCs might have immense potential in the regeneration of the damaged tissues.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Isolation, Culture and Comprehensive Characterization of Biological Properties of Human Urine-Derived Stem Cells

Culenova

Nicodemou

Nováková

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…There are studies that have shown that that abnormal miRNA expression in MVs leads to neoangiogenesis. These were mentioned in our recently published chapter [45]. Thus, it has been demonstrated that reduced expression of miRNA-200b decreased VEGF levels [46], and increased expression of miR-29b augmented VEGF levels [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravenous Administration of Allogenic Cell-Derived Microvesicles of Healthy Origins Defends Against Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Development by a Direct Action on Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Alexandru

Andrei

Safciuc

et al. 2020

Cells

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Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease development is the outcome of intermediate processes where endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation are main protagonists. Cell-derived microvesicles (MVs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are known as biomarkers and potential regulators for atherosclerotic vascular disease, but their role in the complexity of the inflammatory process and in the mechanism of vascular restoration is far from clear. We aimed to evaluate the biological activity and functional role of MVs, in particular of the EPCs-derived MVs (MVEs), of healthy origins in reducing atherosclerotic vascular disease development. The experiments were performed on hamsters divided into the following groups: simultaneously hypertensive–hyperlipidemic (HH group) by combining two feeding conditions for 4 months; HH with retro-orbital sinus injection containing 1 × 105 MVs or MVEs from control hamsters, one dose per month for 4 months of HH diet, to prevent atherosclerosis (HH-MVs or HH-MVEs group); and controls (C group), age-matched normal healthy animals. We found that circulating MV and MVE transplantation of healthy origins significantly reduces atherosclerosis development via (1) the mitigation of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and circulating EPC/cytokine/chemokine levels and (2) the structural and functional remodeling of arterial and left ventricular walls. We also demonstrated that (1) circulating MVs contain miRNAs; this was demonstrated by validating MVs and MVEs as transporters of Ago2-miRNA, Stau1-miRNA, and Stau2-miRNA complexes and (2) MV and MVE administration significantly protect against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease via transfer of miR-223, miR-21, miR-126, and miR-146a to circulating late EPCs. It should be mentioned that the favorable effects of MVEs were greater than those of MVs. Our findings suggest that allogenic MV and MVE administration of healthy origins could counteract HH diet-induced detrimental effects by biologically active miR-10a, miR-21, miR-126, and miR-146a transfer to circulating EPCs, mediating their vascular repair function in atherosclerosis processes.

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“…Exosomes (50–100 nm) are small vesicles exocyted from multivesicular bodies (MVBs) after receptor-mediated endocytosis. Ectosomes (microvesicles (MVs) or microparticls (MPs)) are slightly larger vesicles (100–500 nm) compared with exosomes and are also cell specific as they are released from plasma membrane by budding [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles from Adipose Tissue Stem Cells in Diabetes and Associated Cardiovascular Disease; Pathobiological Impact and Therapeutic Potential

Constantin

Filippi

Alexandru

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells found in relatively high percentages in the adipose tissue and able to self-renew and differentiate into many different types of cells. “Extracellular vesicles (EVs), small membrane vesicular structures released during cell activation, senescence, or apoptosis, act as mediators for long distance communication between cells, transferring their specific bioactive molecules into host target cells”. There is a general consensus on how to define and isolate ADSCs, however, multiple separation and characterization protocols are being used in the present which complicate the results’ integration in a single theory on ADSCs’ and their derived factors’ way of action. Metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are mainly caused by abnormal adipose tissue size, distribution and metabolism and so ADSCs and their secretory factors such as EVs are currently investigated as therapeutics in these diseases. Moreover, due to their relatively easy isolation and propagation in culture and their differentiation ability, ADSCs are being employed in preclinical studies of implantable devices or prosthetics. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge on EVs secreted from ADSCs both as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics in diabetes and associated cardiovascular disease, the molecular mechanisms involved, as well as on the use of ADSC differentiation potential in cardiovascular tissue repair and prostheses.

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Part One: Extracellular Vesicles as Valuable Players in Diabetic Cardiovascular Diseases

Cited by 10 publications

References 130 publications

Isolation, Culture and Comprehensive Characterization of Biological Properties of Human Urine-Derived Stem Cells

Isolation, Culture and Comprehensive Characterization of Biological Properties of Human Urine-Derived Stem Cells

Intravenous Administration of Allogenic Cell-Derived Microvesicles of Healthy Origins Defends Against Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Development by a Direct Action on Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Extracellular Vesicles from Adipose Tissue Stem Cells in Diabetes and Associated Cardiovascular Disease; Pathobiological Impact and Therapeutic Potential

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