Season-Long Interference of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) with Direct-Seeded and Transplanted Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)<sup>1</sup>

Buker, Richard S.; Stall, William M.; Olson, S. M.; Schilling, D. G.

doi:10.1614/wt02-148

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A vigorous vining pollenizer may act much like a weed and could reduce the yield and quality of the crop. Weed competition can reduce the yield and quality of many crops (Buker et al, 2003;Monks and Schultheis, 1998); however, a pollenizer is typically not given this consideration. Triploid plants may cover the shorter internodes of the dwarf pollenizers minimizing visibility of flowers to bees.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum Potential Vegetative and Floral Production and Fruit Characteristics of Watermelon Pollenizers

Dittmar¹,

Monks²,

Schultheis³

2009

horts

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Triploid (seedless) watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nak.] pollen is nonviable; thus, diploid (pollenizer) watermelon cultigens are required to supply viable pollen for triploid watermelon fruit set. The objective of this research was to characterize maximum potential vegetative growth, staminate and pistillate flower production over time, and measure exterior and interior fruit characteristics of pollenizer cultigens. Sixteen commercially available and numbered line (hereafter collectively referred to as cultigens) pollenizer and two triploid cultigens were evaluated in 2005 and 2006 at Clayton, NC. Vegetative growth was measured using vine and internode length, and staminate and pistillate flower development was counted weekly. Fruit quality and quantity were determined by measuring individual fruit weights, soluble solids, and rind thickness. Based on vegetative growth, pollenizer cultigens were placed into two distinct groups.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum Potential Vegetative and Floral Production and Fruit Characteristics of Watermelon Pollenizers

Dittmar¹,

Monks²,

Schultheis³

2009

horts

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“…As few as 25 purple nutsedge plants/m 2 were suffi cient to decrease tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) yield by 10%; whereas the same number of yellow nutsedge plants doubled the yield reduction to 20% (Morales-Payan, 1999). In less competitive crops such as bell pepper and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), yield can be reduced by 10% by just 5 and 2 yellow nutsedge plants/m 2 , respectively (Buker et al, 2003;Motis et al, 2003).…”

Section: Nutsedge Density (Plants/m 2 ) Z 2002 2003mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutsedge Control with Drip-applied 1,3-Dichloropropene plus Chloropicrin in a Sandy Soil

Chase¹,

Stall²,

Simonne³

et al. 2006

horttech

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An evaluation of the effect of bed width (24, 28, 32, and 36 inches) on the control of a mixed population of nutsedge [yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) and purple nutsedge (C. rotundus)] was conducted with an emulsifiable concentrate formulation of a 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and chloropicrin (CP) mixture (1,3-DCP) for application through drip irrigation systems. Beds were mulched with either 1.4-mil-thick virtually impermeable film (VIF) or 0.75-mil-thick high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and 1,3-DCP was applied at 35 gal/acre by surface chemigation or via subsurface chemigation 6 inches deep within the bed. HDPE was more permeable to gaseous 1,3-D than VIF so that 1 day after treatment (DAT), 1,3-D gas concentration at the bed centers under VIF was significantly higher than under HDPE. Dissipation of 1,3-D gas with HDPE occurred within 7 DAT, but dissipation with VIF took ∼10 days. In bed centers, 1,3-D concentrations 1 DAT were in the range of 2.3 to 2.9 mg·L–1 whereas in bed shoulders concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 0.55 mg·L–1. In 2002 and 2003, 1,3-D concentration in shoulders of narrower beds was significantly higher than in the wider beds, but dissipated more rapidly than in wider beds. Lower initial 1,3-D concentrations were observed with HDPE film in shoulders than with VIF and the rate of dissipation was lower with VIF. At 14 DAT, nutsedge plants were densely distributed along bed shoulders (19 to 27 plants/m2) with little or no emergence in the centers of beds (fewer than 5 plants/m2), but with no response to bed width. Nutsedge density increased with time, but the nature of the increase differed with bed width. The most effective nutsedge suppression was achieved with 36-inch beds, which had densities of 11–13 plants/m2 on bed centers and 53 plants/m2 on bed shoulders by 90 DAT. Nutsedge suppression was initially more effective with VIF than with HDPE film, so that no nutsedge emerged in the centers of beds mulched with VIF compared with 2–7 plants/ m2 with HDPE by 14 DAT. On bed shoulders there were 2–7 plants/m2 with VIF and 32–57 plants/m2 with HDPE. Increase in nutsedge density with time was greater with VIF so that by 90 DAT nutsedge densities on bed centers and shoulders were greater than with HDPE in 2002 and the same as with HDPE in 2003. Subsurface chemigation did not consistently improve suppression of nutsedge when compared with surface chemigation. Concentrations of 1,3-D in bed shoulders irrespective of bed width were nonlethal. Initial superior nutsedge suppression with VIF did not persist. Nutsedge control in a sandy soil with 1,3-DCP chemigation is unsatisfactory with one drip-tape per bed.

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“…Large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) was shown to impact watermelon yield for up to 6 WAT (Monks and Schultheis, 1998), smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus) impacted the yield up to 3 WAT (Terry et al, 1997), and american black nightshade (Solanum americanum) impacted the yield up to 4 WAT (Adkins et al, 2010). Densities as low as 2 weeds/m 2 of yellow nutsedge [Cyperus esculentus (Buker et al, 2003)], goosegrass [Eleusine indica (Wallinder and Talbert, 1983)], and american black nightshade (Gilbert et al, 2008)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Weeding Regime, Planting Density, and Growth Habits on Watermelon Yield in an Organic System

Stone¹,

Boyhan

Johnson

2019

hortte

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The southeastern United States produces 50% of U.S. conventional watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) but only 7% of U.S. organic watermelon. Weeds are a major threat to watermelon yield in the southeastern United States, and organic weed control is estimated to cost 20-times more than conventional herbicide programs. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal weed control regime to reduce hand-weeding costs while maintaining yield and to compare the weed suppression of two watermelon types with differing growth habits in an organic system. In 2014 and 2015, watermelon plots were randomly assigned to the following treatments in a factorial arrangement: vine or compact growth habit; 1.0- or 0.5-m in-row spacing; and weekly weed control (kept weed-free by hoeing and hand-pulling weeds) for 0, 4, or 8 weeks after transplanting (WAT). At the time of the watermelon harvest, not weeding resulted in average total weed densities of 86.6 and 87.0 weeds/m2, and weeding for 4 WAT resulted in average total weed densities of 26.4 and 7.0 weeds/m2 in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Nonetheless, weeding for 4 WAT resulted in watermelon yields and fruit counts comparable to those of weeding for 8 WAT during both years. This partial-season weeding regime resulted in 67% and 63% weeding cost reductions for vine and compact plants, respectively, in 2014, and a 43% reduction for both growth habit types in 2015. In 2015, a separate experiment that evaluated weeding regimes that lasted 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 WAT found that yields resulting from weeding for 3 WAT were greater than those resulting from weeding for 2 WAT. However, the yields did not differ when weeding was performed for 4 WAT and 8 WAT.

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Season-Long Interference of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) with Direct-Seeded and Transplanted Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)¹

Cited by 33 publications

References 3 publications

Maximum Potential Vegetative and Floral Production and Fruit Characteristics of Watermelon Pollenizers

Maximum Potential Vegetative and Floral Production and Fruit Characteristics of Watermelon Pollenizers

Nutsedge Control with Drip-applied 1,3-Dichloropropene plus Chloropicrin in a Sandy Soil

The Impact of Weeding Regime, Planting Density, and Growth Habits on Watermelon Yield in an Organic System

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Season-Long Interference of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) with Direct-Seeded and Transplanted Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)1

Cited by 33 publications

References 3 publications

Maximum Potential Vegetative and Floral Production and Fruit Characteristics of Watermelon Pollenizers

Maximum Potential Vegetative and Floral Production and Fruit Characteristics of Watermelon Pollenizers

Nutsedge Control with Drip-applied 1,3-Dichloropropene plus Chloropicrin in a Sandy Soil

The Impact of Weeding Regime, Planting Density, and Growth Habits on Watermelon Yield in an Organic System

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Season-Long Interference of Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) with Direct-Seeded and Transplanted Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)¹