Screening of potential tropical fruits in protecting endothelial dysfunction in vitro

Abstract

Background: High consumption of antioxidant-rich fruits and vegetables reduces the endothelial damage involved in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis.
 Objective: To evaluate the phytochemical content, antioxidant and scavenging activities (FRAP, ORAC, OH•, HOCl, H2O2, and O2−), endothelial H2O2-cytoprotective effect, nitric oxide (NO) release activation potential, and endothelial wound healing properties of 10 tropical fruits, comprising pineapple, sugar apple, papaya fruit, longan, mangosteen, lychee, langsat, mango, rambutan, and guava.
 Design: Experimental study. The experiments were conducted in vitro using endothelial cell line EA.hy926.
 Results: The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of gallic acid and quercetin in all fruits, along with the overall absence of ellagic acid. Chlorogenic acid was only detected in three fruits, that is, pineapple, ripe papaya, and guava. The antioxidant and scavenging activities of all fruits were concentration-dependent. Only the H2O2 scavenging activity exhibited broad positive associations with other ROS-scavenging activities. Sugar apple and unripe papaya induced a significant reduction in H2O2-induced cell death in endothelial cells while pineapple, sugar apple, longan, and langsat activated NO release.
 Discussion: All the studied tropical fruits contained bioactive phytoantioxidants with wide ranges of antioxidant capacity and scavenging activities. The endothelial functional tests were relevant to the screening for fruits that may benefit cardiovascular health. Among the four fruits that promoted endothelial wound closure, only sugar apple and unripe papaya induced cell migration and vascular capillary-like tube formation.
 Conclusion: Sugar apple and unripe papaya are potential functional fruits that can protect against oxidative cell death and enhance endothelial wound healing.

Unripe Carica papaya Fresh Fruit Extract Protects against Methylglyoxal-Mediated Aging in Human Dermal Skin Fibroblasts

“…Several natural compounds reduce the formation of AGEs mainly by trapping the active dicarbonyl compounds, regulating RAGE, or scavenging ROS ( Song et al, 2021 ). UCP exerts high antioxidant potential by scavenging excessive ROS, thus protecting against MGO-induced fibroblast oxidative stress ( Wattanapitayakul et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Previous studies showed that unripe Carica papaya L. (UCP) fresh fruit extract has a high antioxidant capacity, protecting endothelial cells against oxidative stress ( Jarisarapurin et al, 2019 ). UCP contains well-known antioxidants such as ascorbic and gallic acids and quercetin ( Wattanapitayakul et al, 2021 ). Therefore, we investigated whether UCP could protect against fibroblast oxidative stress induced by MGO, which serves as a model of dicarbonyl stress in diabetic skin deterioration.…”

Does an apple a day keep away diseases? Evidence and mechanism of action

“…Similar effects were observed with interventions of phloretin (Ren et al, 2016 ). Apple extract (AE) elevated nitrite production, and increased wound closure of endothelial cells damaged by H 2 O 2 (Wattanapitayakul et al, 2021 ). AE treatments had a protective effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) exposed to cytotoxic glycosylated protein GFBS/FeCl 3 .…”

Targeting Cardiovascular Diseases by Flavonols: An Update

“…Flavonols have numerous cardioprotective properties, such as platelet stabilization, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and hypocholesterolemic activity [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. To the best of our knowledge, quercetin is the most widely distributed and well-known flavonol obtained from natural sources, as well as the best-studied flavonol, in both in vitro and in vivo studies [ 51 ].…”