Oxido‐inflammatory responses and histological alterations in rat lungs exposed to petroleum product fumes

Abstract

Petroleum products-petrol, kerosene, and diesel-composed of volatile organic constituents contribute to air pollution. Exposure of gas station attendants (GSAs) to petroleum products fumes (PPFs) may account for occupation-related predisposition to respiratory toxicity and disease pathogenesis. We simulated GSA exposure to PPF inhalation and examined their effect on oxido-inflammatory responses, toxicity, and histopathological alterations in rat lungs, following 8-hours daily exposure for 60 and 90 days. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers, namely: superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), TNF-α, IL-1β, xanthine oxidase (XO), nitric oxide (NO) activity were evaluated. Besides, histopathological examination of the lungs and trachea of exposed rats, PPF exposure resulted in significant (P < .05) increases in RONS, biomarkers of oxidative stress, pro-inflammation cytokines, and reduced (P < .05) GSH levels in rats, secondary to histopathological alteration in lungs and trachea cytoarchitecture examined in an exposure-durationdependent manner. We conclude, therefore, that the observed biochemical and histological changes create a microenvironment that is permissive to diseases pathogenesis of the respiratory system via oxido-inflammatory mechanistic pathways.

Decrease in reproductive dysfunction using aflatoxin B1 exposure: a treatment with 3‐indolepropionic acid in albino Wistar rat

“…Glutathione‐s‐transferase—GST—activity was assessed following the method of Habig (Habig et al., 1974), and glutathione peroxidase GPx activity was also evaluated by the previously reported method of Rotruck et al, (Owumi, Danso, et al., 2020; Rotruck et al., 1973). The activity of xanthine oxidase—XO—was measured by Bergmeyer et al, method reported recently (Buege & Aust, 1978; Owumi et al., 2020). Malondialdehyde (MDA)—a biomarker of lipid peroxidation (LPO)—was calculated following the method described by Ohkawa and as previously reported (Ohkawa et al,1979) and reported as MDA/mg protein in μmol.…”

N ‐acetyl cysteine co‐treatment abates perfluorooctanoic acid‐induced reproductive toxicity in male rats

“…Xanthine oxidase activity was measured by the previously reported technique of Bergmeyer (Bergmeyer et al., 1974; Owumi, et al., 2020). In separate quartz cuvettes, 150 µl of phosphate buffer, 80 µl of xanthine solution and 8 µl of the tissue homogenate samples were added to constitute the reaction mixture.…”

“…Nitric oxide (NO) level in the testis and epididymis was estimated by Green et al method and as previously reported (Green et al., 1982; Owumi, Elebiyo, et al., 2020). Sample 0.5 ml of the tissue homogenate was incubated with 0.5 ml of Griess reagent for 20 min at 37°C.…”

Chlorogenic acid co‐administration abates tamoxifen‐mediated reproductive toxicities in male rats: An experimental approach

“…The supernatant was after that used for the oxidative stress assays. SOD activity was determined by the method described by Misra and Fridovich and as previously reported (Adefisan et al, 2020;Misra & Fridovich, 1972); CAT activity was determined using H 2 O 2 as a substrate according to the process of Clairborne and as previously reported (Clairborne, 1995;; protein concentration was determined by the method of Lowry et al, and as previously reported (Lowry et al, 1951); total sulfhydryl group was determined by the process of Ellman (Arowoogun et al, 2021;Ellman, 1959); reduced GSH was determined using the method described by Jollow et al, and as previously reported (Jollow et al, 1974;Owumi, Aliyu-Banjo et al, 2019); GST was assayed (monitored at 340 nm) using Habig's method (Habig et al, 1974); GPx activity was determined according to the process of Rotruck et al, and as previously reported (Owumi, Danso, et al, 2020;Rotruck et al, 1973); xanthine oxidase was quantified by the method of Bergmeyer et al and reported recently (Buege & Aust, 1978;Owumi, Elebiyo, et al, 2020) and Lipid peroxidation marker was quantified as malondialdehyde (MDA) according to the method described by Ohkawa and as previously reported (Folayan et al, 2020;Ohkawa et al, 1979) and expressed as μmol MDA/ mg protein.…”