Decrease in reproductive dysfunction using aflatoxin B1 exposure: a treatment with 3‐indolepropionic acid in albino Wistar rat

Abstract

We assessed the individual and combined consequence of 3‐indolepropionic acid on aflatoxin B1‐induced reproductive toxicity in rats. The experimental cohorts were dosed for four consecutive weeks with aflatoxin B1 (50 μg/kg), 3‐indolepropionic acid (50 mg/kg), and both (aflatoxin B1: 50 μg/kg + 3‐indolepropionic acid: 25 or 50 mg/kg), and the untreated control. Following sacrifice, biomarkers of testicular, epididymal and hypothalamic oxidative status, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, nitric oxide levels and myeloperoxidase activity were determined. Besides, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha, Bcl‐2 and Bax proteins were also assessed. Aflatoxin B1‐induced testicular, epididymal and hypothalamic oxidative stress was significantly alleviated with 3‐indolepropionic acid co‐treatment. Also, increases in biomarkers of oxidative stress and reduced levels of antioxidants were abated significantly in rats co‐treated with 3‐indolepropionic acid. Aflatoxin B1‐mediated increase in tumour necrosis factor‐alpha, Bax, nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase activity in the examined organs was decreased significantly in aflatoxin B1 and 3‐indolepropionic acid co‐treated rats. Also, 3‐indolepropionic acid dose dependently reduced Bcl‐2 levels in the treated rats. The degree of aflatoxin B1‐induced histopathological injuries was minimised in rats co‐treated with 3‐indolepropionic acid. Our results demonstrated that 3‐indolepropionic acid protected experimental rats from aflatoxin B1‐induced oxido‐inflammatory stress and apoptotic response in the examined organs.

Apigeninidin-rich Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench) extracts suppress A549 cells proliferation and ameliorate toxicity of aflatoxin B1-mediated liver and kidney derangement in rats

“…1 B). The experimental dose of AFB1 (50 μg/kg) was adapted from our previous study 14 , 47 while SBE05, SBE-06, and SBE-07 (5 and 10 mg/kg) were based on data from the cell assay. The gavage volumes taken from specific stock solutions of SBE (5 and 10 mg/kg) and AFB 1 were 0.16, 0.32 and 0.16 mL, respectively prepared by dissolving 150 mg SBE in 30 mL of carboxymethyl cellulose (0.5%) and 5.5 mg AFB 1 in 110 mL of corn oil.…”

Apigeninidin-enriched Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench) extracts alleviate Aflatoxin B1-induced dysregulation of male rat hypothalamic-reproductive axis

“…Deterioration of the testicular germinal epithelium and sperm production/storage reduction in the epididymis has been reported in AFB 1 exposed rats. 2,4 Co-treatment with fractions of SBE did not reverse experimental rats’ body and organ weight losses. A previous report by Tsuda on anthocyanins present in S. bicolor inhibits the body, and adipose tissue weight increases in rat 60 support our current observation.…”

“…1 Previous findings from our lab and others have implicated mycotoxins, including aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) and zearalenone, infertility impairment through damage to sex organs, gametes, and disruption of steroidogenesis. 2–4…”

“…4 Owumi et al reported disruption of serum hormone levels in AFB 1 -treated rats, and it caused prolactinemia while reducing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone. 2,13,14 In addition, AFB 1 reduces the activity of antioxidant enzymes and levels of endogenous antioxidants, elevates inflammation biomarkers, and induces pathological lesions in rats’ testicular and epididymal tissues, 15 ultimately rendering male animals infertile.…”

“…1 Previous findings from our lab and others have implicated mycotoxins, including aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) and zearalenone, infertility impairment through damage to sex organs, gametes, and disruption of steroidogenesis. [2][3][4] AFB 1 is a common contaminant found in food crops, predominant in the developing countries' essential diets. AFB 1 is biosynthesized under favorable conditions of high temperature (between 24 and 35°C) and high humidity (7-10%).…”