Apigeninidin-rich Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench) extracts suppress A549 cells proliferation and ameliorate toxicity of aflatoxin B1-mediated liver and kidney derangement in rats

Abstract

Sorghum bicolor plant has a high abundance of 3-deoxyanthocyanins, flavonoids and other polyphenol compounds that have been shown to offer numerous health benefits. Epidemiological studies have linked increased intake of S. bicolor to reduced risk of certain cancer types, including lung adenocarcinoma. S. bicolor extracts have shown beneficial effects in managing hepatorenal injuries. This study investigated the cytotoxic potential of three apigeninidin-rich extracts of S. bicolor (SBE-05, SBE-06 and SBE-07) against selected cancer cell lines and their ameliorative effect on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-mediated hepatorenal derangements in rats. We observed that, among the three potent extracts, SBE-06 more potently and selectively suppressed the growth of lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) (IC50 = 6.5 μg/mL). SBE-06 suppressed the expression of STAT3 but increased the expression of caspase 3. In addition, SBE-05, SBE-06 and SBE-07 inhibited oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis and preserved the histoarchitectural networks of the liver and kidney of rats treated with AFB1. These in vitro and in vivo studies indicate the potential of these cheap and readily accessible extracts for cancer therapy and as chemo-preventive agents in preventing aflatoxin-related health issues.

Using B.clausii to reduce the effects of aflatoxin B1

“…(Li et al, 2022) results showed obvious necrotic characteristics, including cell swelling, rupture of cell and mitochondrial membranes and inflammation in chicken livers. (Owumi et al, 2022) In this study, the liver and kidneys of AFB1-deficient mice showed evidence of focal inflammatory cell infiltration, mild water/balloon hepatocyte degeneration and moderate vesicular steatosis. (Papiya, 2005) indicated that the metabolic products of A.fungus .flavus led to the occurrence of vascular congestion in the liver.…”

Accidental lead in contaminated pipe-borne water and dietary furan intake perturbs rats’ hepatorenal function altering oxidative, inflammatory, and apoptotic balance

“…Following kidney injury, these metabolites accumulate in the bloodstream due to impaired excretion, and if this is not remedied, it can trigger renal failure. The implications of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, urea, and creatinine in acute/chronic liver and kidney diseases have been reported previously [ 11 , 48 , 65 , 73 ].…”

“…As a resolvin, IL-10—an anti-inflammatory cytokine- suppresses pro-inflammatory responses [ 72 ]. Still, where the expression of IL-10 is dampened, as seen in this study, the hepatic and renal tissue is exposed to more inflammatory insults, leading to hepatorenal derangements [ 73 ]. The involvement of Pb and Furan in mediating inflammation and oxidative stress in rats' liver and kidneys have been previously studied in rats [ 12 , 48 , 49 ].…”

“…Another clinically accepted protocol for ascertaining xenobiotics' toxicities is evaluating a target organ's histoarchitectural features. In this study, treatments with PbAc and Furan abrogated the normal histology of the liver and kidney, and this may be attributed to the increase in the generation of ROS, proinflammatory cytokines, DNA adducts, and a host of other danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) [ 46 , 63 , 73 ]. These molecules are known to trigger the activation and differentiation of pro-inflammatory cells in the hepatic and renal tissues, leading to the activation of inflammasomes [ 79 , 80 ] and the formation of lesions capable of deranging the liver and kidney of rats.…”

Apigeninidin-enriched Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench) extracts alleviate Aflatoxin B1-induced dysregulation of male rat hypothalamic-reproductive axis

“…In a previous study, we have shown that API suppressed STAT3 activation. 79 The combination of STAT3 signaling inhibition and API's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects (Figure 9) could explain its ameliorative effects on the toxicity of AFB1 to the male reproductive system.…”