Chlorogenic acid co‐administration abates tamoxifen‐mediated reproductive toxicities in male rats: An experimental approach

Abstract

Reports over the years have demonstrated toxic side effect-including reproductive toxicity-of tamoxifen (TAM), a drug of choice in the management of primary breast cancer. Chlorogenic acid (CGA), a dietary polyphenol, reportedly elicits beneficial pharmacological effects. However, the impact of CGA on TAM-associated reproductive toxicity is absent in the literature. We, therefore, experimented on CGA's effect and TAM-mediated reproductive toxicity in rats. Cohorts of rats were treated with TAM (50 mg/kg) or co-treated with CGA (25 or 50 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days. The result showed that treatment of CGA significantly increases testosterone, LH, and FSH levels compared to the TAM group. However, prolactin level was markedly decreased after pretreatment of CGA in TAM-treated rats. CGA abated TAM-induced decreases acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and antioxidant enzymes in the testis. CGA alleviated TAM-facilitated surges of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in rats epididymis and testes. Additionally, CGA increased anti-inflammatory cytokine-interleukin-10-, suppressed caspase-3 activity, and reduced pathological lesions in the examined organs of rats co-treated with CGA and TAM. CGA phytoprotective effect improved reproductive function occasioned by TAM-mediated toxicities in rats, by abating oxido-inflammatory damages and downregulating apoptotic responses. Practical applications CGA protects against the damaging oxido-inflammatory responses incumbent on TAM metabolism. As an antioxidant abundant in plant-derived foods, CGA reportedly protects against inflammatory damage, hypertension, and neurodegenerative diseases. We present evidence that CGA ameliorates TAM-induced reproductive dysfunction by suppressing oxidative and inflammation stress downregulate apoptosis and improve reproductive function biomarker in rats.

Decrease in reproductive dysfunction using aflatoxin B1 exposure: a treatment with 3‐indolepropionic acid in albino Wistar rat

“…The stains were dissolved in distilled water and ethanol in a two to one (2:1) ratio for the investigation of sperm morphological alterations. Conversely, the viability of the spermatozoa was appraised by eosin (1%) and nigrosine (5%) stain in a solution containing 3% sodium citrate dehydrate following the established protocol of Wells and Awa (Wells & Awa, 1970) and as previously reported (Owumi, Anaikor, et al., 2021). For the assessment of sperm morphological status, 400 sperm cells were examined from each rat.…”

Study on the SHP2-Mediated Mechanism of Promoting Spermatogenesis Induced by Active Compounds of Eucommiae Folium in Mice

“…These results indicate that CGA was the main active component of EFEE in promoting spermatogenesis. Previous studies showed that CGA could increase the number of sperm in rat testis, moreover, CGA abated tamoxifen-mediated reproductive toxicities and improved the testosterone secretion and sperm motility in male rats ( Park and Han, 2013 ; Owumi et al, 2021 ). These studies indicate that CGA could promote the spermatogenesis, and our study was consistent with results above.…”

Caffeic acid mitigates aflatoxinB1‐mediated toxicity in the male rat reproductive system by modulating inflammatory and apoptotic responses, testicular function, and the redox‐regulatory systems

“…In our studies, we observed significant tor 1 (apaf-1), and activate caspase-9, which drives the activation of caspase-3, the executor of apoptosis. (Owumi, Anaikor, et al, 2021).…”