IL‐6, TNF–α levels and periodontal status changes during the menstrual cycle

Abstract

Periodontal tissues did not exhibit evident changes, but this study demonstrated that the menstrual cycle affected the periodontium and induced inflammatory situations during the menstrual cycle.

Effect of scaling on levels of interleukin 1-beta and clinical periodontal parameters among e-cigarette users and non-smokers: A prospective study

“…There were no female participants in the study. Studies have shown that hormonal fluctuations during menstruation are associated with an increased expression of destructive inflammatory cytokines including IL-1 β 34 . Influence of hormonal fluctuations was minimized in this study.…”