Influence of curing sequence on phase structure and properties of bisphenol A‐aniline benzoxazine/N,N′‐(2,2,4‐trimethylhexane‐1,6‐diyl) bis (maleimide)/imidazole blend

Abstract

The effects of different catalysts on the curing sequences of bisphenol A-aniline benzoxazine (BA-a)/N,N 0 -(2,2,4-trimethylhexane-1,6-diyl) bis (maleimide) (TBMI) blends were studied, and the influence of curing sequences on the phase structure and properties of products was discussed. In BA-a/TBMI/adipic acid, BA-a homopolymerized first, followed by the copolymerization between TBMI and ring-opened benzoxazine. This curing sequence led to strong copolymerization, which limited the movement of components and resulted in homogeneous structures of the final products. However, in BA-a/TBMI/imidazole, TBMI homopolymerized firstly, followed by the homopolymerization of BA-a. BA-a and TBMI hardly copolymerized, and the products presented phaseseparated (bi-continuous phase) structures finally. The degree of copolymerization and phase structures of products differed due to different curing sequences when different catalysts were used. Furthermore, the product with phase-separated structures had improved thermal property and toughness compared to those of the product with homogeneous structures. V C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43259.

Review on the Accelerated and Low-Temperature Polymerization of Benzoxazine Resins: Addition Polymerizable Sustainable Polymers

“…Addition of polypyrrole (PPy, 5 wt%) also mediates the ROP reaction, and T p value was significantly reduced for C-fa and BF-A, from 245 to 185 °C and 226 to 165 °C, respectively [ 325 ]. Imidazoles with and without the labile hydrogen are also reported as good catalysts [ 326 , 327 , 328 , 329 , 330 ].…”

Taking a Tailored Approach to Material Design: A Mechanistic Study of the Selective Localization of Phase-Separated Graphene Microdomains

“…A few routes to achieve phase-separated structures via RIPS in TS/TS blends have been reported in the past decade, such as benzoxazine/cyanate ester, benzoxazine/bismaleimide, ,− and benzoxazine/epoxy blends. ,− Several strategies to achieve RIPS have been investigated to determine the factors influencing phase separation and morphology–structure relationships in TS/TS blends. Wang et al fabricated benzoxazine/bismaleimide blends with bicontinuous phase structures via imidazole catalysis and found that viscosity was the principal influence on phase separation and phase morphology .…”

Self-Assembled Microstructures with Localized Graphene Domains in an Epoxy Blend and Their Related Properties

“…Selective localization of nanofillers in TS blends is rarely achieved and consequently, very few literature examples show the successful development of phase-separated structures via RIPS in TS/TS blends, although the use of benzoxazine (BOX)/cyanate ester (CE) [19], BOX/ bismaleimide (BMI) [20][21][22][23] and BOX/epoxy resin blends have been reported. Wang et al [20] fabricated BOX/BMI blends with bicontinuous phase structures via the use of an imidazole initiator and found that both the phase separation and phase morphology were determined mainly by the viscosity parameters of blends.…”