Falcaria vulgaris leaf aqueous extract mediated synthesis of iron nanoparticles and their therapeutic potentials under in vitro and in vivo condition

Abstract

In recent years, researchers have used bionanotechnology techniques as costeffective and eco-friendly routes to fabricate nanoparticles. The present study confirms the ability of aqueous extract of Falcaria vulgaris for the biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs@F. vulgaris). Also, in this study, we showed the antioxidant, cytotoxicity, cutaneous wound healing, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of these nanoparticles. FeNPs@F. vulgaris were characterized by UV, FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, and TEM analysis. According to the XRD analysis, 25.3 nm was measured for the crystal size of nanoparticles. FE-SEM and TEM images exhibited a uniform spherical morphology and average diameters of 25 nm for the biosynthesized nanoparticles. FTIR results offered protein and polysaccharides in F. vulgaris were the sources of reducing power, reducing iron ions to FeNPs@F. vulgaris. In vivo design, FeNPs@F. vulgaris ointment remarkably reduced (p ≤ 0.01) the wound area, total cells, neutrophil, and lymphocyte and substantially increased (p ≤ 0.01) the wound contracture, vessel, hydroxyl proline, hexosamine, hexuronic acid, fibrocyte, and fibrocytes/fibroblast rate compared to other groups in rats. Also, FeNPs@F.vulgaris indicated potential antioxidant activity against DPPH, antifungal potentials against Candida glabrata, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, and Candida guilliermondii, antibacterial properties against Gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli O157:H7) without any cytotoxicity effect against human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Finally, the results showed the useful antioxidant, non-cytotoxic, cutaneous wound healing, antifungal, and antibacterial effects of FeNPs@F. vulgaris.

Suppressor capacity of iron nanoparticles biosynthesized using Salvia chloroleuca leaf aqueous extract on methadone‐induced cell death in PC12: Formulation a new drug from relationship between the nanobiotechnology and neurology sciences

“…1 and the filtrate was concentrated in a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure (60 ± 100C). Furthermore, the herbal extracts were lyophilized at −48 °C for 24 hr and stored for further use …”

“…The biosynthesis of FeNPs was carried out according to the previous studies with some modification . A 40 ml of aqueous extract solution (100 μg/ml) was added to 10 ml of FeCl 3 .6H 2 O in the concentration of 0.05 M (deionized water was used for the all steps of this section).…”

“…FT‐IR analysis was used to determine the plant factors influencing the reduction of iron ions. The dried powder of the nanoparticles produced as well as the powder of the extract was plated along with KBr and analyzed by FT‐IR (Spectrum 65, Perkin Elmer) …”

“…Nanotechnology is a basic science that investigate the useful of nanomaterials (the compounds in the size of 10–100 nm) in chemistry, physics, biology, and especially medicine . Recently, scientist have tried to increase the nanotechnology productions for the treatment many diseases . Nano‐medicine makes use of nano materials, and nano electronic biosensors.…”

“…Metallic nanoparticles such as iron, gold, cobalt, zinc oxide, silver, and platinum are commonly applied in cancer diagnosis and treatment, and used in the molecular detection of pathogenic microbes and as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant agents . The excellent microbial property of iron has resulted in its use in several applications including diaper rashes and allergic diaper rashes, creams for skin blisters, and antiseptic powders . Studies reveal the application of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) functionalized with phosphonate polyethylene glycol and coupled to the cyclo RGD peptide sequence as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents due to their magnetic activities .…”