Barnyard grass [Echinochloa crus‐galli (L.) Beauv] leaves extract against tomato pests

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Tomato is one of the widely cultivated crops worldwide that is affected by several pests, such as fungi (Fusarium oxysoporum, Alternaria solani), bacteria (Pectobacterium carotovorum) and weeds (Cyperus iria L., Amaranthus spinosus).A growing interest has emerged for developing plant-derived pesticidal compounds to counteract these pests. One attractive alternative is to use barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), known to be widely resistant to synthetic herbicides, as a potential biopesticide compound source.RESULTS: Phytochemical screening of the crude extract showed that phenolic compounds were the most abundant component present in barnyard grass. The crude extract was evaluated for antifungal, antibacterial and herbicidal activities. Bioassays showed inhibition against F. oxysporum (10.73 ± 1.30%) and A. solani (20.47 ± 3.51%), the causative agent of Fusarium rot and early blight disease in tomato, respectively. Antibacterial activity against P. carotovorum gave a mean zone of inhibition (paper disc diffusion assay) of 17.00 ± 1.00 mm and an IC 50 (dose-response assay) of 2.26 mg mL −1 was observed. Doseresponsive herbicidal activity on the lettuce seed germination bioassay produced an IC 50 of 459.30 ppm. Selectivity studies showed inhibition towards C. iria and A. spinosus with no effect on tomato. Lastly, bioassay-guided fractionation coupled with untargeted metabolomics studies using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection-tandem mass spectrometry mass analyses revealed loliolide and tricin as the putative metabolites present in barnyard grass. CONCLUSION: To date, this is the first reported study on using barnyard grass as a potential alternative biopesticide against tomato pests such as fungi, bacteria and weeds.

Integrating Computational Methods in Network Pharmacology and In Silico Screening to Uncover Multi-targeting Phytochemicals against Aberrant Protein Glycosylation in Lung Cancer

“…First, we created a database of all known and reported compounds found in select plant species that were reported to have cytotoxic activities: Mangifera indica , Artocarpus heterophyllus , Annona muricata , Lansium domesticum , Manilkarazapota , Antidesma bunius . Using a LC-MS/MS metabolomics workflow, it was previously reported that leaf extract fractions from these plant species contained characteristic phytochemicals (phenolics and flavonoids) that exhibited cytotoxic activities. − …”

“…First, we created a database of all known and reported compounds found in select plant species that were reported to have cytotoxic activities: Mangifera indica, 23 Artocarpus heterophyllus, Annona muricata, 24 Lansium domesticum, 15 Manilkarazapota, 26 Antidesma bunius. Using a LC-MS/MS metabolomics 54 workflow, it was previously reported that leaf extract fractions from these plant species contained characteristic phytochemicals (phenolics and flavonoids) that exhibited cytotoxic activities. 23−26 Specifically, we examined the interactions of the top interacting compounds determined from our preliminary analyses and their plant sources: α-pinene (Mangifera indica), cyanomaclurin (Artocarpus heterophyllus), genistein (Annona muricata), kaempferol (Annona muricata and Antidesma bunius), norartocarpetin (Artocarpus heterophyllus), quercetin (Annona muricata, Antidesma bunius, Manilkara zapota, Manigfera indica), rutin (Annona muricata, Antidesma bunius, Lansium domesticum), and ellagic acid (Antidesma bunius, Mangifera indica) (Figures S1−S8).…”

Effect of drying method on the anticancer activity and metabolite profile of Mango (Mangifera indica) leaf extracts as revealed using LC‐MS/MS metabolomics

“…LC‐MS/MS analysis was carried out following our previous method. [ 7 ] Extracts were reconstituted in DMSO to make 1 mg/mL, which were then diluted to 125 μg/mL using 1:1 methanol‐water. These were then analysed using the Waters ACQUITY M‐Class Xevo G2‐XS QTof UPLC/MS system.…”

“…FBMN analysis was carried out following our previous method. [ 7 ] After acquiring mass spectrometry data, Waters raw files (.raw) were converted to abf files (.abf) using ABF converter and processed using MS‐DIAL. [ 8 ] Mass features ([M + H] + adducts) were identified using the following parameters: MS1 tolerance = 0.01 Da, MS2 tolerance = 0.025 Da, Maximum charge = 2, Mass range = 100‐1000, Minimum peak height = 10,000 counts.…”

Mediterranean Plants as Potential Source of Biopesticides: An Overview of Current Research and Future Trends

“…The method is based on preparing solid media and adding a desired concentration of the extract to it. A certain volume of the extract can be mixed before the autoclaved medium is poured on Petri dishes or spread on their surface once it has solidified [ 71 , 76 , 117 ]. Subsequently, a small agar plug (4–7 mm in diameter) from an active fungal culture is inverted, with the mycelial surface facing down, and inoculated at the center of the agar plate.…”