Scorpions, state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil

Abstract

The state of Bahia's main climatic characteristic is the high spatial and chronological variability of precipitation. This heterogeneity may be used to determine of pluviometrically homogeneous areas that can define mesoregions in the state, since they allow better management of water resources and help in the elaboration of agricultural studies. The mesoregions already proposed by the scientific community for the state were based only on the annual precipitation in the proximity of the pluviometric stations. In this paper, besides these parameters, spatial and chronological rainfall distribution was considered, i.e., the Precipitation Concentration Degree (PCD) and Precipitation Concentration Period (PCP). The new zoning is based on an update of a study defined in 2000 that divided Bahia into eight mesoregions. Thus, 180 pluviometric stations were distributed throughout the state and grouped conforming to the division previously described. It was concluded that some stations of the same mesoregion had presented conflicting values for the analyzed parameters and, therefore, should not belong to the same area. Starting from an arrangement of the collection stations, considering their proximity, annual precipitation and statistical parameters, a new zoning for Bahia with 10 clusters was defined and validated through the statistical treatment of data. Zoneamento pluviométrico do Estado da Bahia, Brasil: uma proposta de atualização RESUMO O estado da Bahia possui como principal característica climática, a alta variabilidade espacial e temporal das precipitações. Essa heterogeneidade conduz à determinação de áreas pluviometricamente homogêneas, uma vez que estas permitem uma melhor gestão dos recursos hídricos e auxiliam na elaboração de estudos agrícolas. As propostas de mesorregiões já realizadas no meio científico para o estado se basearam apenas na precipitação anual e na proximidade dos postos pluviométricos. Porém nesse artigo, além desses parâmetros, foram utilizadas grandezas estatísticas que levam em consideração a distribuição espacial e temporal Rev. Ambient. Água vol. 13 n. 1, e2171-Taubaté 2018 2 Yagho de Souza Simões et al. das chuvas, como o Grau de Concentração da Precipitação (GCP) e o Período de Concentração da Precipitação (PCP). O novo zoneamento se baseia em uma atualização de um estudo definido em 2000 que repartiu a Bahia em oito mesorregiões. Para isso, 180 postos pluviométricos foram distribuídos pelo estado e agrupados conforme a repartição descrita anteriormente. A partir da análise dos parâmetros de chuva para as estações de um mesmo agrupamento foi constatado que alguns postos pluviométricos, pertencentes a uma mesma mesorregião, apresentaram valores discrepantes para os parâmetros analisados e, portanto, não deveriam ocupar a mesma área. A partir de um ordenamento dos postos de coleta, levando em consideração a proximidade dos mesmos, a precipitação total anual e as grandezas estatísticas, foi definido um novo zoneamento para a Bahia com 10 agrupamentos e validação comprovada através de ...

Diversity of scorpions (Chelicerata: Arachnida) in the Atlantic Forest in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil

“…Sixteen species have been recorded in the Atlantic Forest (Lourenço 2002b, Dias et al 2006Porto et al 2010). In this study, one-third of these species was found in Pernambuco.…”

“…The sedentary habit and microhabitat preference of the surface litter of this species are in agreement with Lira et al (2013) and may facilitate sampling by active search, making this species more visible and easier to capture. Tityus pusillus has also been recorded in the Atlantic Forest of Bahia (Porto et al 2010, Brazil and Porto 2011) and Paraíba (Dias et al 2006, as well as in the Caatinga (Bahia and Piauí) (Porto et al 2010, Brazil andPorto 2011). These findings indicate a wide distribution of this species in the northeast region and a high ecological plasticity, since they were recorded from different environments such as rain forest and dry forest.…”

“…Approximately 50% of these species occur in Neotropical regions (Lourenço 2002a), including Brazil, where roughly 130 species are recorded (Porto et al 2010). Although scorpions constitute a successful group of invertebrates in all environments where they live, the group is poorly sampled and little is known about their diversity in most ecoregions, particularly in the Brazilian Atlantic forest (Dias et al 2006).…”

“…They are composed of secondary forests with different levels of regeneration (Ribeiro et al 2009). Although predators regulate many arthropod populations and can be food for invertebrates and vertebrates (Polis 1990), few ecological surveys highlighting scorpion species composition in the remnants of the Atlantic Forest have been performed (Dias et al 2006;Yamaguti and Pinto da Rocha 2006;Bertani et al 2008;Porto et al 2010;Lira et al 2013;Porto et al 2013). Most studies on arthropod diversity in this environment have been restricted to insects (Santos et al 2012;Souza et al 2013), spiders (Melo et al 2011), and harvestmen (Resende et al 2012a(Resende et al , 2012b.…”

Pediatric epidemiological aspects of scorpionism and report on fatal cases from Tityus stigmurus stings (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in State of Pernambuco, Brazil

“…In South America, scorpions that are dangerous to humans belong to the Buthidae family, particularly those from the genus Tityus CL Koch, 1836 [2][3][4][5][6][7] . Among more than 130 scorpion species described in Brazil 8 , at least 11 harm humans, specifi cally the species Tityus serrulatus Lutz & Mello, 1922), T. bahiensis (Perty, 1833), T. stigmurus (Thorell 1876) and T. obscurus (Lourenço, 2008), which are responsible for serious envenomation or death, particularly in children 9 . Other scorpion species in this country from the Tityus genera reported to cause mild reactions include T. costatus (Karsch 1879), T. brazilae (Lourenço & Eickstedt, 1984), T. fasciolatus (Pessoa, 1935), T. metuendus (Pocock, 1897), T. neglectus (Mello-Leitão, 1932), T. mattogrossensis (Borelli, 1901), T. adrianoi Lourenço 2003) 10 and T. pussilus 11 .…”