Scorpionism in Brazil: exponential growth of accidents and deaths from scorpion stings

Torrez, Pasesa Pascuala Quispe; Dourado, Flávio Santos; Bertani, Rogério; Cupo, Palmira; França, Francisco Oscar de Siqueira

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0350-2018

Cited by 34 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…MS spectra were acquired in positive mode at 2.0 kV, with a capillary temperature of 200˚C, using 1 μscan at 400-1600 m/z, maximum injection time of 50 msec, AGC range of 1×10 6 , and resolution of 70,000. The top 10 ions with 2-5 positive charges were fragmented with an AGC target of 3×10 6 , minimum AGC 2×10 3 , maximum injection time 110 ms, dynamic exclusion time 5 s, and resolution 17,500. MS/MS spectra were searched for matches against protein sequences contained in the UniProt/SwissProt database (Arachnida, January 2020) using Peaks X software.…”

Section: Mass Spectrometry Identification Of Electrophoretic Bandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Envenoming by scorpions belonging to the genus Tityus is a public health problem in southern South America, which has been classified as a hyperendemic area of scorpionism [1,2]. In southeast Brazil the most problematic scorpion is T. serrulatus Lutz & Mello, a parthenogenetic species currently expanding its range and responsible for most severe envenomations in the area [3]. The second most medically important scorpion in the region is T. trivittatus Kraepelin, a species responsible for the majority of severe scorpion envenomations in Argentina, mostly in children [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic and toxinological divergence among populations of Tityus trivittatus Kraepelin, 1898 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) inhabiting Paraguay and Argentina

et al. 2020

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Envenoming by scorpions in genus Tityus is a public health problem in Tropical America. One of the most medically significant species is Tityus trivittatus, which is known to occur from southwest Brazil to central-northern and eastern Argentina. In this work, we studied the lethality, composition, antigenicity, and enzymatic activity of venom from a T. trivittatus population found further north in urban areas of eastern Paraguay, where it has caused serious envenomation of children. Our results indicate that the population is of medical importance as it produces a potently toxic venom with an LD50 around 1.19 mg/kg. Venom neutralization in preliminary mouse bioassays was complete when using Brazilian anti-T. serrulatus antivenom but only partial when using Argentinean anti-T. trivittatus antivenom. Venom competitive solid-phase enzyme immunoassays and immunoblotting from Argentinean and Paraguayan T. trivittatus populations indicated that antigenic differences exist across the species range. SDS-PAGE showed variations in type and relative amounts of venom proteins between T. trivitattus samples from Argentina and Paraguay. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicated that while some sodium channel toxins are shared, including β-toxin Tt1g, others are population-specific. Proteolytic activity by zymography and peptide identification through nESI-MS/MS also point out that population-specific proteases may exist in T. trivitattus, which are postulated to be involved in the envenoming process. A time-calibrated molecular phylogeny of mitochondrial COI sequences revealed a significant (8.14%) genetic differentiation between the Argentinean and Paraguayan populations, which appeared to have diverged between the mid Miocene and early Pliocene. Altogether, toxinological and genetic evidence indicate that T. trivitattus populations from Paraguay and Argentina correspond to distinct, unique cryptic species, and suggest that further venom and taxonomic diversity exists in synanthropic southern South American Tityus than previously thought.

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Section: Mass Spectrometry Identification Of Electrophoretic Bandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and toxinological divergence among populations of Tityus trivittatus Kraepelin, 1898 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) inhabiting Paraguay and Argentina

et al. 2020

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“…Além disso é uma das faixas etárias que está diretamente associada aos quadros de maior gravidade pois demonstra maior vulnerabilidade à toxína escorpiônica e maior susceptibilidade às complicações (Carmo et al, 2019). Houve também a predominância do sexo masculino, o que pode ser confirmado em vários outros estudos (Bhamkar et al, 2016;Santos et al, 2016;Sathiadas et al, 2017;Saad et al, 2017;Carmo et al, 2019;Torrez et al,2019;Gomes et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Quanto às características clínicas, as mesmas foram encontradas em outros estudos, com destaque para a dor local com hiperemia nos sinais clínicos (Bhamkar et al, 2016;Santos et al, 2016;Sathiadas et al, 2017;Carmo et al, 2019;Gomes et al, 2020, Furtado et al, 2020Saad et al, 2017;Torrez et al, 2019;Ministério da Saúde, 2018;Chtara et al, 2015;Monteiro et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Escorpionismo em crianças e adolescentes: dados de uma unidade sentinela

Junglos

Shibukawa

Evangelista

et al. 2021

RSD

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Objetivo: analisar o perfil epidemiológico de acidentes escorpiônicos em crianças e adolescentes em um centro de assistência toxicológica e apresentar o comportamento temporal das ocorrências. Método: estudo transversal, retrospectivo, realizado no Centro de Controle de Intoxicações no Noroeste do Paraná. A amostra foi constituída por fichas de notificação de crianças e adolescentes atendidas no centro de referência de 2014 a 2018. Foram analisadas 78 fichas por meio de estatística descritiva e para análise de tendência foi utilizado o teste de Mann-Kendall. Resultados: A maioria dos casos acometeu crianças de até cinco anos e do sexo masculino; grande parte foi classificada como leve, e dois evoluíram à óbito. Houve crescimento de casos no período. Conclusão: há incidência maior em crianças menores de cinco anos, e também uma crescente no número de casos ao longo do período estudado, o que configura um sério problema de saúde pública no município estudado e região.

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“…In Brazil, accidents caused by venomous animals are a frequent neglected disease, with blind spots regarding general education and proper approach in most countries (3,4). Scorpionism is included in this T. serrulatus species and could not be used to treat accidents caused by other scorpion genera (e.g., R. crassicauda), whilst there are more than 160 different documented scorpion species in the country (7). This study is the first one to explore the venom content of the neglected scorpion species R. crassicauda from an overlooked and poor state of Brazil -Roraima.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pioneering Study on Rhopalurus crassicauda Scorpion Venom: Isolation and Characterization of the Major Toxin and Hyaluronidase

et al. 2020

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Scorpionism is responsible for most accidents involving venomous animals in Brazil, which leads to severe symptoms that can evolve to death. Scorpion venoms consist of complexes cocktails, including peptides, proteins, and non-protein compounds, making separation and purification procedures extremely difficult and time-consuming. Scorpion toxins target different biological systems and can be used in basic science, for clinical, and biotechnological applications. This study is the first to explore the venom content of the unexplored scorpion species Rhopalurus crassicauda, which inhabits exclusively the northernmost state of Brazil, named Roraima, and southern region of Guyana. Here, we pioneer the fractionation of the R. crassicauda venom and isolated and characterized a novel scorpion beta-neurotoxin, designated Rc1, and a monomeric hyaluronidase. R. crassicauda venom and Rc1 (6,882 Da) demonstrated pro-inflammatory activities in vitro and a nociceptive response in vivo. Moreover, Rc1 toxin showed specificity for activating Na v 1.4, Na v 1.6, and BgNa v 1 voltage-gated ion channels. This study also represents a new perspective for the treatment of envenomings in Roraima, since the Brazilian scorpion and arachnid antivenoms were not able to recognize R. crassicauda venom and its fractions (with exception of hyaluronidase). Our work provides useful insights for the first understanding of the painful sting and pro-inflammatory effects associated with R. crassicauda envenomings.

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Scorpionism in Brazil: exponential growth of accidents and deaths from scorpion stings

Cited by 34 publications

References 8 publications

Genetic and toxinological divergence among populations of Tityus trivittatus Kraepelin, 1898 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) inhabiting Paraguay and Argentina

Genetic and toxinological divergence among populations of Tityus trivittatus Kraepelin, 1898 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) inhabiting Paraguay and Argentina

Escorpionismo em crianças e adolescentes: dados de uma unidade sentinela

Pioneering Study on Rhopalurus crassicauda Scorpion Venom: Isolation and Characterization of the Major Toxin and Hyaluronidase

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