Scopoletin: a review of its source, biosynthesis, methods of extraction, and pharmacological activities

Antika, Lucia Dwi; Tasfiyati, Aprilia Nur; Hikmat, Hikmat; Septama, Abdi Wira

doi:10.1515/znc-2021-0193

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…Scopoletin is a coumarin phytoalexin essential for the plant defense mechanism. The resistance to microbial attack is correlated with the biosynthesis and accumulation of scopoletin; hence, it is a potent antibacterial and antifungal agent . A previous study reported that scopoletin isolated from Pelargonium sidoides roots exhibited antitubercular activity toward Mycobacterium smegmatis with an MIC value of 7.81 μg/mL .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

UHPLC-QQQ-MS and RP-HPLC Detection of Bioactive Alizarin and Scopoletin Metabolites from Morinda citrifolia Root Extracts and Their Antitubercular, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities

Sam-ang,

Phanumartwiwath,

Liana

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Morinda citrifolia is a medicinal plant that has been traditionally used in various therapeutic applications. All parts of M. citrifolia including fruits, leaves, stems, roots, and flowers contain various biologically active phytochemicals. This study aimed to evaluate the antitubercular, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of M. citrifolia root extracts and spectroscopically analyze the bioactive metabolites. M. citrifolia root extracts were prepared via maceration. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for antitubercular activity, the inhibition zone for antibacterial activity, and the antioxidant activities in terms of half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined. 1H-NMR, RP-HPLC, and UHPLC-QQQ-MS analyses were performed to evaluate the secondary metabolites. The results showed that the dichloromethane root extract exhibited relatively good inhibition of M. tuberculosis with an MIC value of 50 μg/mL. All extracts were mostly active against five tested bacterial strains. The ethanolic and dichloromethane root extracts showed the highest antioxidant power against DPPH (IC50 = 0.82 mg/mL) and NO (IC50 = 0.64 mg/mL) radicals, respectively. The 1H-NMR-based screening of the secondary metabolites of all M. citrifolia root extracts confirmed the presence of triterpenes, steroids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and anthraquinones as major bioactive components. Alizarin and scopoletin were detected in the extracts via UHPLC-QQQ-MS, and the alizarin (0.552–3.227 g/100 g dry weight) and scopoletin (0.092–0.554 g/100 g dry weight) contents were quantified via RP-HPLC. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of M. citrifolia root extracts and the identification of the main bioactive ingredients are the initial studies that can be beneficial for further in vivo studies and biomedical applications of its bioactive compounds.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

UHPLC-QQQ-MS and RP-HPLC Detection of Bioactive Alizarin and Scopoletin Metabolites from Morinda citrifolia Root Extracts and Their Antitubercular, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities

Sam-ang,

Phanumartwiwath,

Liana

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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“…Scopoletin, also known as 6-methoxy-7 hydroxycoumarin, is an active component of noni fruit that has antioxidant activity and medicinal properties such as blood dilution. It is one of the natural coumarin compounds found in several types of plants usually consumed for health [27]. The coumarin compound has been reported to start to degrade after 60 minutes of heating at 200℃ or higher temperature and remain stable at 100-150℃ or lower temperature [28].…”

Section: Post-drying Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave drying vs hot-steam-air drying of seedless noni fruit: drying performance and post-drying quality

Yuniarti,

Setiadi,

Basri

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Noni fruit contains several beneficial compounds for health, including scopoletin as its active component. The fruits contain a high moisture content, generally above 80%, rendering them to rot quickly. The drying process can potentially increase the fruit’s shelf life as it reduces the moisture content, stop the enzymatic reactions/microorganism activities and inhibit the quality degradation. This study compared the drying performance and post-process quality of noni fruit slices from the microwave and hot-steam-air drying at 50°C and 60°C. The drying performance parameters were time and rate. Several post-drying quality parameters stipulated in Indonesia pharmacopoea standard, such as scopoletin, total ash, and insoluble-acid ash contents, were observed. The results show the drying rate of noni fruit ranged from -3.51 x 10−3 % min−1 (for microwave-drying) to -2.45 x 10-5 % min−1 (for hot-steam-air drying at 50°C). Noni fruits from hot-steam-air drying at 60°C had the highest scopoletin content (22.47 mg kg−1) and the lowest total ash content (4.78%). Microwave-dried noni fruit had the lowest insoluble-acid ash content (0.02%). Drying methods significantly affected the drying rate, total ash content, and insoluble-acid ash content of noni fruit. Treatment scoring shows microwave- and hot-steam-air drying at 60°C are potential options for drying noni fruit.

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“…As regards bactericide and fungicide activities of other phytochemicals identified in the H. stoechas inflorescence extract, there are references on the activities of scopoletin [38,39], maltol [40], and quinic acid [41,42]. Scopoletin inhibits Gram-positive bacteria, such as Enterococcus faecium and S. aureus (MIC = 128 µg mL −1 ), as well as Gram-negative bacteria, such as Stenotrophomonas maltophila (MIC = 256 µg•mL −1 ), and quinic acid derivatives were effective against fungi [43] and S. aureus [44].…”

Section: On the Phytochemical Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench Inflorescence Extract for Tomato Disease Management

et al. 2023

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Helichrysum stoechas is a singular halophyte that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and allelopathic properties. In the work presented herein, we have characterized its inflorescences hydromethanolic extract and assessed its antifungal activity for the pre- and postharvest management of tomato crop diseases. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry characterization of the extract showed that 4-ethenyl-1,3-benzenediol, 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran, quinic acid, 3,5-dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxy-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, 1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose, catechol, scopoletin, and maltol were the main constituents. The co-occurrence of pyranones, benzenediols, and quinic acids as phytoconstituents of H. stoechas extract resulted in promising in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations of 500, 375, 500, 187.5, 187.5, and 375 μg·mL−1 against mycelia of Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum coccodes, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Verticillium dahliae, respectively. Further, to assess the potential of H. stoechas inflorescence extract for postharvest tomato crop protection, ex situ tests were conducted against C. coccodes, obtaining high protection at a dose of 750 μg·mL−1. Taking into consideration that the demonstrated activity is among the highest reported to date for plant extracts and comparable to that of the synthetic fungicides tested as positive controls, H. stoechas inflorescence extract may be put forward as a promising biorational and may deserve further testing in field-scale studies.

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Scopoletin: a review of its source, biosynthesis, methods of extraction, and pharmacological activities

Cited by 31 publications

References 126 publications

UHPLC-QQQ-MS and RP-HPLC Detection of Bioactive Alizarin and Scopoletin Metabolites from Morinda citrifolia Root Extracts and Their Antitubercular, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities

UHPLC-QQQ-MS and RP-HPLC Detection of Bioactive Alizarin and Scopoletin Metabolites from Morinda citrifolia Root Extracts and Their Antitubercular, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities

Microwave drying vs hot-steam-air drying of seedless noni fruit: drying performance and post-drying quality

Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench Inflorescence Extract for Tomato Disease Management

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