Scopoletin, also known as 6-methoxy-7 hydroxycoumarin, is one of the naturally occurring coumarin commonly found in many edible plants and plays an important role in human health. Despite the various potential pharmacological properties, the biosynthesis process, method of extraction, and mechanism of action on this compound have not been documented well. In this current review, the biosynthesis pathway, distribution of scopoletin in the plant kingdom, and extraction techniques are elaborated. The in vitro, in vivo, and in silico pharmacological studies are also discussed on antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotective aspects of scopoletin. This study may help to understand the benefit of scopoletin containing plants and would be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of diseases.
Glukosamin dikenal sebagai suplemen untuk mengobati osteoartritis dan nyeri sendi. Barubaru ini masyarakat pesisir Indonesia telah mengembangkan teripang yang diperkaya glukosamin sebagai alternatif pengganti krustasea yang merupakan sumber glukosamin yang banyak dikonsumsi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan pengembangan dan validasi metode high performance liquid chromatography dengan diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) untuk penentuan glukosamin pada produk teripang. Glukosamin diekstraksi dari sampel teripang kering melalui hidrolisis menggunakan asam klorida 5 M, dilanjutkan dengan derivatisasi menggunakan larutan Fmoc-Cl (9-Fluorenylmethyl chloroformate) dan buffer borat sebelum dilakukan analisis menggunakan HPLC-DAD. Semua langkah preparasi sampel dan standar dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pengenceran gravimetri. Pemisahan kromatografi fase terbalik dilakukan di kolom C18 dengan menerapkan elusi gradien menggunakan air dan asetonitril sebagai fasa gerak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan linieritas yang baik dengan koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,999 pada rentang konsentrasi 1 sampai 220 mg/kg. Metode ini memiliki LOD dan LOQ masing-masing 0,16 dan 0,53 mg/kg, sedangkan nilai perolehan kembali berada di kisaran 98-99%. Nilai presisi intraday ditemukan lebih rendah dari 2% untuk empat konsentrasi spiking yang berbeda (10, 60, 100 dan 200 mg/kg). Metode ini kemudian berhasil diterapkan untuk menganalisis glukosamin pada dua puluh sampel teripang kering lokal. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa sebelas sampel mengandung glukosamin dalam rentang 100 hingga 2700 mg/kg.
Carboxymethyl glucomannan (CMGM) was successfully synthesized through the reaction of glucomannan from Amorphophallus oncophyllus and monochloroacetic acid, using NaOH as a catalyst. Two types of glucomannan were used in this study, low viscosity glucomannan (LGM) and high viscosity glucomannan (HGM). The produced CMGM were differentiated into LCMGM (synthesized from LGM) and HCMGM (synthesized from HGM). The CMGM structure was characterized by FTIR, and the degree of substitution (DS) was determined using back titration method. The DS value were 0.484 and 0.412 for LCMGM and HCMGM, respectively. Both CMGMs were then evaluated for its adsorption capacity towards Zn and Cd at the optimum pH of 6, with 60 minutes adsorption time for each sample. The maximum adsorption capacity of Zn was 13.61 mg/g and 13.04 mg/g for LCMGM and HCMGM, respectively. While for Cd, the maximum adsorption capacity of LCMGM and HCMGM was 17.70 mg/g and 15.90 mg/g. The adsorption capacity of the sample follows the Langmuir isotherm adsorption. In conclusion, CMGM from A. oncophyllus has demonstrated its potential as a reusable adsorbent for efficient removal of Cd and Zn.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.