“…Different technologies have emerged to remediate soils, among which are physicochemical strategies such as soil washing, electrokinetic remediation, chemical oxidation, remediation with nanomaterials, electrodialysis, leaching, stabilization, and landfilling. − However, these methods are often expensive due to the high price of off-site waste disposal, not to mention the secondary environmental problems they can cause . An alternative is phytoremediation, a highly effective and promising technology to decontaminate, in this case, HM-contaminated matrices such as soil by natural means. − This biological technology has established itself as an attractive alternative for the treatment of environmental pollution. , Although there are several specific definitions, the basic definition involves the cultivation of plants in a contaminated substrate in order to eliminate, transform, or stabilize the environmental pollutants present. , This method has been successfully used for the remediation of HMs in contaminated soils because it is a more effective and economical technique than other engineering techniques such as excavation, soil washing, incineration, solidification, and others . However, poor soil physicochemical properties, such as low nutrient content and extreme pH, combined with high concentrations of metals and metalloids, can prevent soil vegetation from growing.…”