Schmeissneria microstachys (Prel, 1833) Kirchner et Van Konijnenburg-Van Cittert, comb. nov. and Karkenia haupymannii Kirchner et Van Konijnenburg-Van Cittert, sp. nov., plants with ginkgoalean affinities from the Liassic of Germany

Kirchner, Martin; Cittert, Johanna H.A. van Konijnenburg‐van

doi:10.1016/0034-6667(94)90069-8

Cited by 50 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Similar ovipositional scars have been recorded for Taeniopteris Brongniart, 1828 leaves from the Ladinian of France and Lower Keuper of Germany, and interpreted as caused by Odonata (Grauvogel-Stamm and Kelber, 1996). Schmeissneria (Presl, 1833) Kirchner and Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, 1994 leaves from the Jurassic of Germany display surface structures that have been interpreted as Odonata egg remains (Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert and Schmeißner, 1999). These latter two records are based on impression fossils and hence do not permit detailed analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fossil Insect Eggs and Ovipositional Damage on Bennettitalean Leaf Cuticles from the Carnian (Upper Triassic) of Austria

Pott

Labandeira

Krings

et al. 2008

Journal of Paleontology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fossil Insect Eggs and Ovipositional Damage on Bennettitalean Leaf Cuticles from the Carnian (Upper Triassic) of Austria

Pott

Labandeira

Krings

et al. 2008

Journal of Paleontology

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“…Both kinds of leaves show a great variability concerning lobing as was also the case for several fossil ginkgoalean taxa (e.g. Kirchner & Kronijnenburg-van Cittert 1994;TU et al 2003;Kvacek et al 2005;Zhiyan, 1991;Zhiyan & Xiangwu 2006;Wang et al 2007;Wu et al 2007;Zhou et al 2007;Quan et al 2010). …”

Section: Leaf Morphology and Anatomymentioning

confidence: 95%

Morphology, anatomy and vasculature in leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae, Ginkgoales) under functional and evolutionary aspects

Dörken

2013

Feddes Repertorium

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Morphology and anatomy of leaves as well as germination in Ginkgo biloba were studied and compared to the situation in other gymnosperms. The results show that a long-shoot leaf will be replaced almost perfectly by the total leaf area of a single short-shoot, a feature which can be found in nearly all deciduous angiospermous, but is absent in all other deciduous gymnosperms. The results of the anatomical investigations of cotyledons and their comparison with the situation in other gymnosperm groups e.g. Araucariaceae, Pinacaea and Taxaceae demonstrate that the recent hypogeal germination of Ginkgo biloba might represent a feature derived from an epigeal ancestor with cotyledons taking part in photosynthesis and respiration. The cotyledons of Ginkgo biloba, however, have only a storage and haustorial function today, but they are still rich in chlorophyll and stomata are developed all over both leaf sides, despite the fact that they are never exposed to light.

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“…A similar evolutionary trend can be traced, but in the later periods, in Karkeniaceae (Zhou 1997(Zhou , 2003. Leaves believed to belong to Karkenia change from the Sphenobaiera type without a distinct petiole in the Jurassic (Krassilov 1972;Kirchner and Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert 1994; to the petiolate Ginkgoites type in the early Cretaceous (Archangelsky 1965). It seems that major innovations have been accomplished for vegetative organs at the same time when ginkgoaleans radiated rapidly in different directions during the late Triassic.…”

Section: Morphological Innovations Vegetative Organsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The rise of ginkgoalean plants in the early Mesozoic: a data analysis

Zhou

2006

Geological Journal

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In the present article, ginkgoalean fossil records are analysed and the data are incorporated into a sketched, 'epoch-by-epoch' framework (e.g. late Triassic, early Jurassic), based on the latest biostratigraphical evidence and the recent progress made mainly on the reproductive organs. The analyses revealed that a steep increase in diversity occurred from the middle Triassic onwards and during the late Triassic ginkgoaleans were at the zenith of diversity. In the late Triassic, almost all known ginkgoalean families simultaneously occurred. The diversity of vegetative organs increased rapidly, forming a high peak in the number of genera (8 in China and 12 in the world). In the late Triassic, in marked contrast to the absence of any record in the middle Triassic, there occurred the most diversified ginkgoalean reproductive structures so far known in the geological record. The emergence of a large number of new genera also supports an early Mesozoic, notably a late Triassic radiation of ginkgoaleans. In China, Ginkgo was recorded firstly in the late Triassic, and the commonest morphogenera Ginkgoites, Baiera and Sphenobaiera drastically increased in specific (or morphotypic) diversity from the late Triassic onwards accompanied by very high origination rates of 88.8, 100 and 91.7%, respectively. The major morphological innovations of vegetative organs accomplished in the middle to late Triassic are the appearance of dwarf shoots and the differentiation of leaves into lamina and petiole. Since then, the reduction of pedicels and number of ovules, and the increase in size of ovules became dominant. Further morphological innovations and diversification of ginkgoalean ovule organs include the fused or adnate ovule/bract, and the collared or winged ovules. In China, ginkgoaleans also started expanding rapidly in geographical distribution from the middle Triassic to the late Triassic. The fossil localities of Ginkgo increased from zero to three, Ginkgoites from one to 12, Baiera zero to 27 and Sphenobaiera three to 20 counties.The replacement of the warm-hot, nearly uniform climate with long growing season in the late Palaeozoic by the seasonal climate in the early Mesozoic of Eurasia was probably the main cause of a marked reduction of both vegetative and reproductive organs of ginkgoaleans. The latest Triassic plate movement and sea-level change that resulted in considerable habitat heterogeneity might also facilitate an increase in taxon and morphology diversity of this present-day relictual plant group.

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Schmeissneria microstachys (Prel, 1833) Kirchner et Van Konijnenburg-Van Cittert, comb. nov. and Karkenia haupymannii Kirchner et Van Konijnenburg-Van Cittert, sp. nov., plants with ginkgoalean affinities from the Liassic of Germany

Cited by 50 publications

References 4 publications

Fossil Insect Eggs and Ovipositional Damage on Bennettitalean Leaf Cuticles from the Carnian (Upper Triassic) of Austria

Fossil Insect Eggs and Ovipositional Damage on Bennettitalean Leaf Cuticles from the Carnian (Upper Triassic) of Austria

Morphology, anatomy and vasculature in leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae, Ginkgoales) under functional and evolutionary aspects

The rise of ginkgoalean plants in the early Mesozoic: a data analysis

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