Scarless wound healing: Transitioning from fetal research to regenerative healing

Abstract

Since the discovery of scarless fetal skin wound healing, research in the field has expanded significantly with the hopes of advancing the finding to adult human patients. There are several differences between fetal and adult skin that have been exploited to facilitate scarless healing in adults including growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix substitutes. However, no one therapy, pathway, or cell subtype is sufficient to support scarless wound healing in adult skin. More recently, products that contain or mimic fetal and adult uninjured dermis were introduced to the wound healing market with promising clinical outcomes. Through our review of the major experimental targets of fetal wound healing, we hope to encourage research in areas that may have a significant clinical impact. Additionally, we will investigate therapies currently in clinical use and evaluate whether they represent a legitimate advance in regenerative medicine or a vulnerary agent. WIREs Dev Biol 2018, 7:e309. doi: 10.1002/wdev.309 This article is categorized under: Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration Plant Development > Cell Growth and Differentiation Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Environmental Control of Stem Cells.

Convergent inactivation of the skin-specific C-C motif chemokine ligand 27 in mammalian evolution

“…This is in accordance with previous findings reporting a distinct inflammatory and wound healing program in cetacean skin [18, 27]. Interestingly, scar-less and low inflammation wound repair has also been reported in several mammalian foetus, including human, as well as in human adult oral mucosa [28, 29]. Both observations might correlate with decreased or null CCL27 secretion.…”

Three-Dimensional (3D) Fibronectin Nano-Array Presented on Fibrin Matrix Accelerates Mice Skin Wound Healing

“…Previous reports have shown that raising the fibronectin content in the matrix promotes wound healing. For instance, human fetus [62][63][64] and invertebrate animals newts 65 heal wounds much faster because their provision matrices contain much more fibronectins that allow cells to migrate and proliferate faster. The topical application of pure soluble fibronectins enhances normal and diabetic wound healing in animals 62,[66][67][68][69][70] .…”

Wound Repair and Experimental Wound Models

“…Son yıllarda fetal ve sağlam erişkin dermisi içeren veya taklit eden ürünler, umut verici klinik sonuçlarla "yara iyileşmesi pazarı" na sunulmaktadır (55).…”