Plasma fibrinogen (F1) and fibronectin (pFN) polymerize to form a fibrin clot that is both a hemostatic and provisional matrix for wound healing. About 90% of plasma F1 has a homodimeric pair of γ chains (γγF1) and 10% has a heterodimeric pair of γ and more acidic γ' chains (γγ'F1). We have synthesized a novel fibrin matrix exclusively from a 1:1 (molar ratio) complex of γγ'F1 and pFN in the presence of highly active thrombin and recombinant Factor XIII (rFXIIIa). In this matrix, the fibrin nanofibers were wrapped with periodic 200-300 nm wide pFN nanobands (termed γγ'F1:pFN fibrin). In contrast, fibrin made from 1:1 mixture of γγF1 and pFN formed a sporadic distribution of "pFN droplets" (termed γγF1+pFN fibrin). The γγ'F1:pFN fibrin enhanced the adhesion of primary human umbilical vein endothelium cells (HUVECs) relative to the γγF1+FN fibrin. Three dimensional (3D) culturing showed that the γγ'F1:pFN complex fibrin matrix enhanced the proliferation of both HUVECs and primary human fibroblasts. HUVECs in the 3D γγ'F1:pFN fibrin exhibited a starkly enhanced vascular morphogenesis while an apoptotic growth profile was observed in the γγF1+pFN fibrin. Relative to γγF1+pFN fibrin, mouse dermal wounds that were sealed by γγ'F1:pFN fibrin exhibited accelerated and enhanced healing. This study suggests that a 3D pFN nano-array presented on a fibrin matrix can promote wound healing.
The Pigskin architecture and physiology are similar to these of humans. Thus, the pig model is valuable for studying skin biology and testing therapeutics for skin diseases. The single-cell RNA sequencing technology allows quantitatively analyzing cell types, cell states, signaling, and receptor-ligand interactome at single-cell resolution and at high throughput. scRNA-Seq has been used to study mouse and human skins. However, studying pigskin with scRNA-Seq is still rare. Here we described a robust method for isolating and cryo-preserving pig single cells for scRNA-Seq. We showed that pigskin could be efficiently dissociated into single cells with high cell viability using the Miltenyi Human Whole Skin Dissociation kit and the Miltenyi gentleMACS Dissociator. Also, we showed that the subsequent single cells could be cryopreserved using DMSO without causing additional cell death, cell aggregation, or changes in gene expression profiles. Using the developed protocol, we were able to identify all the major skin cell types. The protocol and results from this study will be very valuable for the skin research scientific community.
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