Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization of Experimental Brachyspira (Serpulina) pilosicoli Infection in Growing Pigs

Jensen, Tim Kåre; Möller, Kristian; Boye, Mette; Leser, Thomas D.; Jorsal, Sven Erik Lind

doi:10.1354/vp.37-1-22

Cited by 49 publications

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“…The group of 6 pigs was kept as noninoculated control animals, whereas the 8 pigs were challenged with B murdochii (02-11287) similar to that described by Lindecrona et al 9 Approximately 1 Â 10 6 colony-forming units were given to each pig by stomach tube daily for 3 consecutive days. Although the doses of inoculums were smaller compared with those of previous challenge studies with B hyodysenteriae and B pilosicoli, 5,6,8,9 5 pigs started shedding B murdochii 6 days postinfection (p.i.). A similar early shedding, indicating a relative immediate colonization of the pig, is common for B hyodysenteriae, whereas the first shedding of B pilosicoli is normally seen a few days later.…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…3,5,6 The importance of the other spirochetes as intestinal pathogens has not yet been investigated thoroughly. In addition to affecting pigs, B murdochii has been isolated from hens 13 and rats (wild and laboratory) 14 without history of intestinal disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared with diarrhea based on infection with the highly pathogenic B hyodysenteriae, the observed diarrhea was insignificant but similar to some of those reported on infections with the pathogenic B pilosicoli. 6 In the present study, the pigs were given a standard commercial feed without supplement of soy proteins, which are known to facilitate clinical swine dysentery. 6 At the end of study, 6 challenged pigs were shedding B murdochii.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…6 In the present study, the pigs were given a standard commercial feed without supplement of soy proteins, which are known to facilitate clinical swine dysentery. 6 At the end of study, 6 challenged pigs were shedding B murdochii. No other Brachyspira spp, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, or Salmonella enterica were isolated from any of the pigs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Brachyspira murdochii Colitis in Pigs

Jensen

Christensen²,

Boye³

2009

Vet Pathol

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The weakly beta-hemolytic porcine spirochete Brachyspira murdochii is considered a normal intestinal commensal. In the present study, however, a field case of B murdochii-associated catarrhal colitis was identified in a pig, as characterized by extensive spirochetal colonization of the surface epithelium. Experimentally, 8 weaned pigs were challenged with the B murdochii isolate, reproducing catarrhal colitis in 2 animals. By applying fluorescent in situ hybridization using a species-specific oligonucleotide probe targeting 23S rRNA, B murdochii organisms were found in high numbers and were closely associated with the surface epithelium in the pigs with catarrhal colitis. The results indicate that, when present in high numbers, B murdochii is low pathogenic for pigs. KeywordsInfection trial, Brachyspira murdochii, swine, colitis Spirochetes-long, helically coiled bacteria-are often found in the large intestines of animals affected by diarrhea. The most common porcine intestinal spirochetes comprise several species of the genus Brachyspira: B hyodysenteriae, B pilosicoli, B intermedia, B innocens, and B murdochii.2 The first 2 species are well-known porcine pathogens causing swine dysentery, severe mucohemorrhagic colitis, and the less severe disorder spirochetal colitis. 3,5,6 The importance of the other spirochetes as intestinal pathogens has not yet been investigated thoroughly. In addition to affecting pigs, B murdochii has been isolated from hens 13 and rats (wild and laboratory) 14 without history of intestinal disease. Hitherto, B murdochii has not been considered to be pathogenic, 2,4,11 but the recent detection of B murdochii by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in cases of porcine colitis negative for B hyodysenteriae and B pilosicoli warrants speculation on the potential pathogenecity of the bacterium. 15The aim of this study was to report a case of naturally acquired colitis and experimental colonic infection caused by B murdochii in pigs. For demonstration of the spirochete in formalin-fixed tissue, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was developed and applied using an oligonucleotide probe specific for B murdochii.From a farm with suspicion of spirochete-associated colitis, a 9-week-old pig with typical symptoms was euthanized. Intestines, including formalin-fixed ileum and colon samples, were then submitted for routine laboratory examination. The formalin-fixed samples were processed for normal histopathology, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned at 3 mm. Macroscopically, the colonic mucosa was thickened without signs of blood or excess mucus. The colonic contents were liquid. Microscopically, there was catarrhal colitis with large numbers of spirochetes colonizing the surface epithelium and the upper part of the crypts. Sloughing of surface epithelial cells, hyperplasia of crypt enterocytes, necrosis of single crypt enterocytes, and infiltrate of mononuclear cells in lamina propria characterized the colitis, as shown in Fig. 1. Based on in situ hybridization according to Boye et al, 1 w...

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confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Brachyspira murdochii Colitis in Pigs

Jensen

Christensen²,

Boye³

2009

Vet Pathol

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“…Pigs infected with B. pilosicoli have milder colitis and diarrhea than those infected with B. hyodysenteriae [12]. However, B. pilosicoli colonizes a broad range of vertebrates, including swine, humans, dogs, and birds [2,8,12,15,17], which makes disease control difficult. Interestingly, there are three non-pathogenic Brachyspira spp.…”

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The Organic Acid Profiles in the Feces of Pigs at Brachyspira hyodysenteriae-or B. pilosicoli-Positive Farms

Piao

Tsukahara

Itoh

et al. 2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. We observed a significant difference in the organic acid profile of diarrheal feces between pigs infected with and free from pathogenic spirochetes. Diarrhea and loose feces were collected from growing pigs, held at 15 different commercial farms. A total of 106 samples were measured for organic acid concentration by HPLC and were checked for the presence of B. hyodysenteriae and B. pilosicoli by PCR. B. hyodysenteriae was detected in 3 samples collected from one farm. B. pilosicoli was detected in 5 samples collected from another farm. Lower concentrations of iso-butyrate and iso-valerate were likely associated with development of pathogenic spirochete infection. KEY WORDS: organic acid, pathogenic spirochetes, swine.

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Brachyspira

Stanton

2015

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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Bra.chy.spi'ra. Gr. adj. brachys short; L. fem. n. spira a coil, spiral; N.L. fem. n. Brachyspira a short spiral, describing a bacterium that resembles a short spiral. Spirochaetes / Spirochaetia / Spirochaetales / Brachyspiraceae / Brachyspira Brachyspira spirochetes are helical shaped bacteria with regular coiling patterns . Cells measure 2–11 µm by 0.2–0.4 µm. Unicellular, but dividing pairs and occasional chains of three or more cells can be observed in growing cultures. Under unfavorable growth conditions, spherical or round bodies are formed. Gram‐stain negative. Obligately anaerobic, aerotolerant . Cell ends may be blunt or pointed. Cells have a typical spirochete cell ultrastructure, consisting of an outer sheath, helical protoplasmic cylinder, and internal flagella in the space between the protoplasmic cylinder and outer sheath. Brachyspire cells have 8–30 flagella per cell depending on the species (flagellar number usually correlates with cell size and species of smaller cells have fewer flagella). Flagella attach subterminally in equal numbers at each cell end, wrap around the protoplasmic cylinder, and their free ends overlap in the middle of the cells. Flexing and creeping motility at 22°C; translational movement in liquids at 37–42°C. Cultured anaerobically on commercially available media (trypticase soy or brain heart infusion broths) containing a carbohydrate growth substrate and supplemented with defibrinated blood or animal (calf) serum. Grows at 36–42°C, optimally at 37–39°C. Population doubling times on glucose in broth cultures are 1–5 h (not reported for Brachyspira aalborgi ). Chemoorganotrophic, using various carbohydrates for growth. Possess NADH oxidase for reducing molecular oxygen. Consume oxygen during growth in culture broth beneath a 1 % oxygen atmosphere. Acetate, butyrate, H 2 , and CO 2 are major endproducts of glucose metabolism. Higher amounts of H 2 than CO 2 are produced . Weakly hemolytic except for Brachyspira hyodysenteriae which exhibits β‐hemolysis (strongly hemolytic). Associated with animal and human hosts. Some species are pathogenic. The genus Brachyspira is distinguished from other spirochete genera based on 16S rRNA gene sequences . Brachyspira species share high 16S rRNA sequence similarity with each other. Species can be differentiated by DNA–DNA relative reassociation and MLEE (multilocus enzyme electrophoresis) analyses. Similar to other spirochete genera, Brachyspira is insensitive to the antibiotic rifampin. DNA G + C content ( mol %): 24.5–27.1 ( T m ). Type species : Brachyspira aalborgi Hovind‐Hougen, Birch‐Andersen, Henrik‐Nielsen, Orholm, Pedersen, Teglbjaerg and Thaysen 1 9 8 3, 896 VP (Effective publication: Hovind‐Hougen, Birch‐Andersen, Henrik‐Nielsen, Orholm, Pedersen, Teglbjaerg and Thaysen 1982, 1135 VP .).

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Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization of Experimental Brachyspira (Serpulina) pilosicoli Infection in Growing Pigs

Cited by 49 publications

References 33 publications

Brachyspira murdochii Colitis in Pigs

Brachyspira murdochii Colitis in Pigs

The Organic Acid Profiles in the Feces of Pigs at Brachyspira hyodysenteriae-or B. pilosicoli-Positive Farms

Brachyspira

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