Scale-up and purification of graphite oxide as intermediate for functionalized graphene

High-yield preparation of graphene oxide from small graphite flakes via an improved Hummers method with a simple purification process

“…To realize the largescale production of GO, these two steps should be designed as an automatic continuous process. Mü lhaupt and co-workers [19] have recently developed a cross-flow filtration method that enables the purification process integrated with GO preparation step for handling a large amount of GO. This crossflow filtration method outweighs the other conventional approaches for GO purification such as centrifugation, deadend filtration, and dialysis because of its simplicity and high efficiency.…”

Mechanochemical Route to Functionalized Graphene and Carbon Nanofillers for Graphene/SBR Nanocomposites

“…As compared to conventional benchmark carbon based fillers, among them carbon black and carbon nanotubes, FG/polymer nanocomposites exhibit far superior performance, especially with respect to their unique combination of matrix reinforcement with electrical conductivity and barrier resistance against permeation of gas and liquids . However, the tedious two‐step FG synthesis, involving explosive GO as intermediate, is not cost effective and accounts for the limited availability at commercial scale . Therefore, several approaches have been made to exploit mechanical delamination and solvent‐mediated exfoliation of graphite for tailoring graphene and graphene‐like carbon nanomaterials as cost‐effective carbon nanofillers.…”

Thermally Reduced Graphite Oxide and Mechanochemically Functionalized Graphene as Functional Fillers for Epoxy Nanocomposites

“…The GO used in this study was synthesized following the procedure report by Hummers and Offeman . Its purification was performed according to a process, which we described elsewhere . The thermal reduction step from GO to TRGO was performed by rapid heating in a rotary tube furnace at 600 °C.…”

“…Though promising, there are some drawbacks to the synthesis of FG and its nitrogen‐doped analogs, as they are both based on GO. The purification of GO is tedious due to its swelling and pore blocking during filtration . Therefore, alternative pathways, which do not require GO as intermediate are of great interest.…”