Mechanochemical Route to Functionalized Graphene and Carbon Nanofillers for Graphene/SBR Nanocomposites

Beckert, Fabian; Trenkle, Stephanie; Thomann, Ralf; Mülhaupt, Rolf

doi:10.1002/mame.201400205

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…The influences of both filler type and content on thermal and mechanical properties of AMFG(Ar/NH 3 )/PP and G(1.5 µm)/PP compounds processed by means of injection molding are summarized in Table 2 and graphically displayed Figure 8. Similar to other PP melt compounds containing carbon nano and micro platelets [37,53] the dispersion of both AMFG(Ar/NH 3 ) and G(1.5 µm) enhanced both stiffness, as expressed by increased Young's modulus, and tensile strength at the expense of elongation at break. The addition of AMFG(Ar/NH 3 ) or G(1.5 µm), respectively, afforded similar increases of Young's modulus of +25 to +40% at 10 wt% and of +50 to +105% at 20 wt% carbon filler in the absence and presence of PP-g-MA accompanied by severely impairing elongation at break (Figure 8).…”

Section: Carbon/pp Nanocomposites Amfg(ar/nh 3 )supporting

confidence: 57%

“…In addition to various gases also inorganic additives such as red phosphorus or sulfur were milled together with graphite in order to produce mechanochemically edge-selectively functionalized graphene nanoplatelets bearing phosphonic and sulfur groups [35,36]. MFG was employed as filler for thermoplastics, thermosets and rubbers [22,28,[33][34][35][36][37]. Opposite to single-and few-layer FG obtained by thermal reduction of graphite oxide, MFG is produced in a singlestep and solvent-free process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mechanochemically aminated multilayer graphene for carbon/polypropylene graft polymers and nanocomposites

Burk¹,

Walter²,

Asmacher³

et al. 2019

Express Polym. Lett.

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The two-stage mechanochemical amination of graphite by dry ball milling of graphite in a planetary ball mill under Ar followed by NH 3 yields aminated multilayer graphene (AMFG) as intermediates for carbon/polymer hybrids and nanocomposites. Opposite to efficient edge-selective graphene functionalization under Ar, CO 2 and N 2 pressure, the onestage ball milling under NH 3 pressure affords rather low N content (<0.5 wt%) and fails to reduce the graphite platelet size. According to DFT (Density Functional Theory) calculations NH 3 exhibits low mobility between graphene layers and forms weak bonds to carbon which impair breakage of carbon bonds. In the two-stage ball-milling of graphite under Ar affords reactive carbon nanoparticles which react with NH 3 in the second stage. With increasing milling duration of the second stage the nitrogen content increases to 3.2 wt%. As verified by XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) measurements primary amine groups are formed which couple with various dicarboxylic anhydride groups including maleated PP to produce imidefunctionalized graphene. This is of interest to produce compatibilizers and dispersing agents for carbon/PP nanocomposites exhibiting improved mechanical properties. Two-stage mechanochemistry holds promise for carbon nanoparticle functionalization well beyond amination.

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Section: Carbon/pp Nanocomposites Amfg(ar/nh 3 )supporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemically aminated multilayer graphene for carbon/polypropylene graft polymers and nanocomposites

Burk¹,

Walter²,

Asmacher³

et al. 2019

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…These studies, along with the significant work of Kim et al [124] which was discussed Mülhaupt and coworkers investigated the reinforcement of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) with reduced GO [201] and functionalized graphene [159]. They obtained significant increases in stiffness and strength upon the addition of both chemically-reduced GO (CRGO) and thermally-reduced GO (TRGO) to SBR and their data are summarised in Table 2.…”

Section: Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Swelling measurements are commonly reported in literature for the observation of the transport of solvent into the nanocomposite and the determination of the crosslink density between the filler and the elastomer or between the macromolecular chains of the elastomer [134,139,141,148,151,152,159,161,200]. The lamellar nanostructure of layered graphene fillers once again acts as a barrier that hinders the permeation of the solvent with increasing filler content.…”

Section: Swelling and Vulcanizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Graphene/elastomer nanocomposites

Papageorgiou

Kinloch

Young

2015

Carbon

337

201

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In the decade since the first isolation and identification of graphene, the scientific community is still finding ways to utilize its unique properties. The present review deals with the preparation and physicochemical characterization of graphene-based elastomeric nanocomposites. The processing and characterization of graphene and graphene oxide are described in detail, since the presence of such fillers in an elastomeric matrix affects dramatically the properties of the nanocomposite samples. Several preparation routes for the efficient dispersion of graphene in elastomers are then discussed, while aspects such as the interfacial bonding between the filler and the matrix or interactions between the fillers have been thoroughly analysed. Different types of graphene/elastomer nanocomposites are described in terms of their manufacture and properties and it has been shown that depending on the type of graphene employed and the preparation methods, the mechanical, thermal, electrical and barrier properties of the elastomeric matrix can be enhanced due to the presence of graphene, even at relatively-low filler loadings. In most cases, the formation of a filler network can play a major role in the improvement of the overall performance of the material.

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“…At the highest filler loading, the yield strength and elastic modulus of SBS improved by 66% and 146%, respectively. On the other hand, some studies have reported that the incorporation of filler in elastomeric matrices is often accompanied by a decrease in the elongation at break . Enhancement in the stiffness and strength can be attributed to a homogeneous dispersion of FG in the SBS matrix as well as the formation of good interfacial adhesion between SBS and FG.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetite-functionalized graphene/poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) composites: thermal and mechanical properties

Tshai

Kong

et al. 2017

Polym. Int

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Advanced polymer composites containing organic-inorganic fillers are gaining increasing attention due to their multifunctional applications. In this work, poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) (SBS) composites containing magnetite-functionalized graphene (FG) were prepared by a dissolution − dispersion − precipitation solution method. Evidently, through morphology studies, amounts of FG were well distributed in the SBS matrix. Improvements in neat SBS properties with respect to FG loading in terms of thermal stability, creep recovery and mechanical properties are presented. As expected, the addition of FG improved the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the composites. The yield strength and Young's modulus of the SBS increased by 66% and 146% at 5 wt% filler loading which can be attributed to the reinforcing nature of FG. Similarly, an increase in the storage and loss modulus of the composites showed a reinforcement effect of the filler even at low concentration. The results also showed the significant role of FG in improving the creep and recovery performance of the SBS copolymer. Creep deformation decreased with filler loading but increased with temperature.

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Mechanochemical Route to Functionalized Graphene and Carbon Nanofillers for Graphene/SBR Nanocomposites

Cited by 26 publications

References 36 publications

Mechanochemically aminated multilayer graphene for carbon/polypropylene graft polymers and nanocomposites

Mechanochemically aminated multilayer graphene for carbon/polypropylene graft polymers and nanocomposites

Graphene/elastomer nanocomposites

Magnetite-functionalized graphene/poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) composites: thermal and mechanical properties

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