Saúde do trabalhador no SUS: desafios e perspectivas frente à precarização do trabalho

Abstract

ResumoRefletir sobre o campo saúde do(a) trabalhador(a) é o objetivo deste estudo. Busca-se sublinhar o significado das condições de trabalho para o ser humano do ponto de vista da saúde. A premissa não é quantificar, mas inferir que as condições de trabalho podem gerar danos à saúde, mas nem sempre apresentam de imediato a sua relação com o trabalho. São discutidas, a partir da abordagem qualitativa, três situações, as quais contemplam os trabalhos rural, informal e infantil e, como resultado, verifica-se a contradição da categoria trabalho, que, se por um lado é sinônimo de sociabilidade, por outro, contraditoriamente, constitui-se em mecanismo de exclusão social na medida em que é realizado sem o reconhecimento dos direitos sociais e trabalhistas. Verifica-se a expansão de formas de trabalho sem regulamentação, tais como o domiciliar e o familiar e os realizados em locais como a rua e o lixo. Encerra-se a reflexão com destaque ao papel do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) na "assistência integral" à saúde dos(as) trabalhadores(as) e ao desafio de atuar na perspectiva de prevenção e promoção da saúde do trabalhador de modo integrado e articulado aos demais órgãos públicos que atuam nesta área.Palavras-chave: saúde do trabalhador, acidentes de trabalho, doenças do trabalho, saúde pública e políticas públicas. AbstractThe objective of this study is to ponder on occupational health, searching for the meaning of work to workers' health. The premise is not to quantify, but to infer that the work conditions can generate damages to health, although this relationship is not always immediately apparent. Three situations that contemplate rural and informal work, as well as child labor are discussed, using a qualitative approach. As a result, the contradiction of work is verified. It could be a synonym for sociability, but on the other hand, it is a mechanism for social exclusion, when conducted without the recognition of the workers' social and labor rights. The expansion of jobs without regulation have been observed such as the ones conducted at home or within families, or on the streets and at the waste landfills. The article ends by discussing the role of the Public Unified Health System (SUS) in the "integral assistance" to workers' health and the challenge of acting with a preventive perspective and towards occupational health promotion, in a joint effort with other public organization in this field.

Percepção e conhecimento dos profissionais da saúde da atenção primária sobre notificação da perda auditiva induzida pelo ruído em Curitiba - Paraná

“…Access to service for the population was the criteria most reported by health professionals (14) . The provision of health services in the neighborhood facilitates access for workers, identifying the demands and health problems related to local jobs, while establishing links and strengthening relationships of trust with the health team and the population (3,6,18) . Both WHO (19) and PAHO (19) consider primary health care to have the function of bringing health care to where people live and work.…”

“…For many health professionals involved in the diagnosis, registration or notification, health-related work is not important and therefore the work-related need not be registered or they lack the proper training to perform the task (21,22) . For health workers in primary care, occupational health is a new field of action that encompasses VISAT, which has the challenge of intervening in basic health units in the territory by working together (6) . Another factor reported in research by health professionals was the lack of support from management, even though management appears in the statements of some subjects as a facilitator.…”

“…Therefore notifications are discouraged through company pressure on health professionals and workers (23) . The non-acceptance by businesses of reports and employee clearance certificates signed by general practitioners in family health, leads to an understanding that there is also no need for notification, inhibiting such action (6) . It was observed that even in health care professional who know the characteristics of NIHL ( Table 2), and feel able to identify it (43.7% of individuals), more than half (52.1%) do not create a notification in SINAN.…”

“…Occupational health is considered to be the responsibility of the Unified Health System (SUS) according to the 1989 Brazilian Constitution, having an intra-sectoral nature covering primary, secondary and tertiary health as well as different levels of government, in areas such as: Social Security, labor, trade unions, the environment, and social welfare, among others, addressing interdisciplinarity and worker participation (3)(4)(5) . SUS was instrumental in the process of restructuring the public service network to match, qualify and meet the demand of diseases and work-related accidents, as well as to assist the worker in an integrated manner, aiming to provide improvements in the quality of life at work, as well as personal and social relationships (6) . As a health surveillance component aimed at comprehensive care, Worker Health Surveillance (VISAT) should be part of the process of construction of the Health Care Network (HCN), coordinated by Primary Health Care (PHC) (7) .…”

Saúde do Trabalhador e Saúde Ambiental: potencialidades e desafios da articulação entre universidade, SUS e movimentos sociais

“…A partir de então, instrumentos normativos, sobretudo no campo da Saúde do Trabalhador, vêm sendo lançados com o objetivo de regulamentar a implementação da saúde do trabalhador e ambiental no SUS. Esse sistema, para garantir a atenção integral aos trabalhadores, deve transcender uma abordagem individual e curativa, propondo abordagens interdisciplinares, intersetoriais e de fortalecimento da sociedade, na perspectiva da promoção da saúde do trabalhador (LOURENÇO;BERTANI, 2007). Entretanto, apesar do avanço legal, as implicações para a saúde, o trabalho e o ambiente decorrentes dos processos de produção não estão claras para os profissionais do sistema de saúde (PESSOA, 2010;EVANGELISTA et al, 2011), o que dificulta o reconhecimento das necessidades de saúde relacionadas a processos produtivos e ambientais.…”