SatBałtyk – A Baltic environmental satellite remote sensing system – an ongoing project in Poland. Part 2: Practical applicability and preliminary results**This work was carried out within the framework of the SatBałtyk project funded by the European Union through European Regional Development Fund, (contract No. POIG.01.01.02-22-011/09 entitled ‘The Satellite Monitoring of the Baltic Sea Environment’) and also as a part of IO PAS’s statutory research.The paper was presented in part at the 6th Internationa

Wozniak, B.; Bradtke, Katarzyna; Darecki, Mirosław; Dera, Jerzy; Dudzińska-Nowak, Joanna; Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, Lidia; Ficek, Dariusz; Furmańczyk, Kazimierz; Kowalewski, Marek; Krężel, Adam; Majchrowski, Roman; Ostrowska, Mirosława; Paszkuta, Marcin; Stoń-Egiert, Joanna; Stramska, Małgorzata; Zapadka, Tomasz

doi:10.5697/oc.53-4.925

Cited by 34 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…For these reasons, remote monitoring of optical properties in the Baltic Sea has become increasingly used tool [14,15]. For example, the user-friendly monitoring system of the Baltic environment developed by a Polish research team within the 'SatBaltic' project [16,17] that provides maps of hydrodynamic and bio-optical properties in the Baltic Sea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Statistical Approach for Ocean Colour Estimation of Inherent Optical Properties and Cyanobacteria Abundance in Optically Complex Waters

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Eutrophication is an increasing problem in coastal waters of the Baltic Sea. Moreover, algal blooms, which occur every summer in the Gulf of Gdansk can deleteriously impact human health, the aquatic environment, and economically important fisheries, tourism, and recreation industries. Traditional laboratory-based techniques for water monitoring are expensive and time consuming, which usually results in limited numbers of observations and discontinuity in space and time. The use of hyperspectral radiometers for coastal water observation provides the potential for more detailed remote optical monitoring. A statistical approach to develop local models for the estimation of optically significant components from in situ measured hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance in case 2 waters is presented in this study. The models, which are based on empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis and stepwise multilinear regression, allow for the estimation of parameters strongly correlated with phytoplankton (pigment concentration, absorption coefficient) and coloured detrital matter abundance (absorption coefficient) directly from reflectance spectra measured in situ. Chlorophyll a concentration, which is commonly used as a proxy for phytoplankton biomass, was retrieved with low error (median percent difference, MPD = 17%, root mean square error RMSE = 0.14 in log 10 space) and showed a high correlation with chlorophyll a measured in situ (R = 0.84). Furthermore, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin, both characteristic pigments for cyanobacteria species, were also retrieved reliably from reflectance with MPD = 23%, RMSE = 0.23, R 2 = 0.77 and MPD = 24%, RMSE = 0.15, R 2 = 0.74, respectively. The EOF technique proved to be accurate in the derivation of the absorption spectra of phytoplankton and coloured detrital matter (CDM), with R 2 (λ) above 0.83 and RMSE around 0.10. The approach was also applied to satellite multispectral remote sensing reflectance data, thus allowing for improved temporal and spatial resolution compared with the in situ measurements. The EOF method tested on simulated Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) or Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) data resulted in RMSE = 0.16 for chl-a and RMSE = 0.29 for phycocyanin. The presented methods, applied to both in situ and satellite data, provide a powerful tool for coastal monitoring and management.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Statistical Approach for Ocean Colour Estimation of Inherent Optical Properties and Cyanobacteria Abundance in Optically Complex Waters

et al. 2017

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“…Excess nutrient input is the main cause of eutrophication and, consequently, frequent algal blooms. This is why the inherent optical properties of the Baltic are measured on a regular basis, both in situ [47][48][49] and from space [50][51][52].…”

Section: Optical Characteristics Of the Background Natural Seawatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Dispersed Oil on the Remote Sensing Reflectance—Field Experiment in the Baltic Sea

Haule

Toczek

Borzycka

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Remote sensing techniques currently used to detect oil spills have not yet demonstrated their applicability to dispersed forms of oil. However, oil droplets dispersed in seawater are known to modify the local optical properties and, consequently, the upwelling light flux. Theoretically possible, passive remote detection of oil droplets was never tested in the offshore conditions. This study presents a field experiment which demonstrates the capability of commercially available sensors to detect significant changes in the remote sensing reflectance Rrs of seawater polluted by six types of dispersed oils (two crude oils, cylinder lubricant, biodiesel, and two marine gear lubricants). The experiment was based on the comparison of the upwelling radiance Lu measured in a transparent tank floating in full immersion in seawater in the Southern Baltic Sea. The tank was first filled with natural seawater and then polluted by dispersed oils in five consecutive concentrations of 1–15 ppm. After addition of dispersed oils, spectra of Rrs noticeably increased and the maximal increase varied from 40% to over three-fold at the highest oil droplet concentration. Moreover, the most affected Rrs band ratios and band differences were analyzed and are discussed in the context of future construction of algorithms for dispersed oil detection.

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“…One such service is SatBałtyk (http://satbaltyk.iopan.gda.pl), which monitors on a continuous basis and publishes information on changes in the Baltic Sea environment on its Internet website. Every six hours each day, it shares high resolution (of 1 km) and high accuracy (of the tenth part) information on the sea surface temperature, water temperature at the following depths: 0, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30 m, and sea surface salinity [28,29].…”

Section: Other Oceanographic Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If one assumes that the gravitational acceleration and water density are constant, then the hydrostatic pressure will depend only on the height of the liquid column. For example, a comparison of the speed of sound in water at a depth of 0 and 1 m shows a small difference of approximately 0.01 m/s [26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Other Oceanographic Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology for Performing Territorial Sea Baseline Measurements in Selected Waterbodies of Poland

Specht

Wąż

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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Baselines are used to establish the maritime boundaries of a coastal state which include the territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf; thus, they are instrumental in implementing state maritime policy. For Poland, as well as in other coastal states, baseline determination can be considered from both a legal and measurement-related point of view. This paper discusses an effective and optimal method of performing bathymetric measurements to enable territorial sea baseline determination in selected waterbodies of Poland. It presents a method for planning a hydrographic survey using both manned and unmanned vessels and presents oceanographic parameters that should be determined before and during hydrographic measurements, as well as a method of choosing the measuring equipment used in bathymetric measurements in ultra-shallow waters. The results of our analyses showed that using an unmanned vessel, on which a multi-GNSS receiver and a miniature MBES or SBES can be installed, is currently the optimum and the most effective method for determining the territorial sea baseline.

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Cited by 34 publications

References 12 publications

A Novel Statistical Approach for Ocean Colour Estimation of Inherent Optical Properties and Cyanobacteria Abundance in Optically Complex Waters

A Novel Statistical Approach for Ocean Colour Estimation of Inherent Optical Properties and Cyanobacteria Abundance in Optically Complex Waters

Influence of Dispersed Oil on the Remote Sensing Reflectance—Field Experiment in the Baltic Sea

Methodology for Performing Territorial Sea Baseline Measurements in Selected Waterbodies of Poland

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