SARS–CoV-2 isolation from an appendix

Ahmad, Shahzaib; Ahmed, Rahim Nadeem; Jani, Poonam; Ullah, Mattee; Aboulgheit, Hossam

doi:10.1093/jscr/rjaa245

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Portincasa et al suggest an unconfirmed hypothesis that the virus could translocate from the gut lumen into the liver via portal flow, negatively affecting hepatic cells [ 7 ]. SARS-CoV-2 could also reach the appendix via oropharyngeal contamination or appendicolith, resulting in bacterial translocation and appendicitis [ 8 ].…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies reported the association of appendicitis and mesenteric lymphadenitis with SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, further ancillary studies on the resected specimen were recommended to confirm this hypothesis [ 8 ]. Similarly, a COVID-19 case has been identified in which a patient presented with a mild form of pancreatitis, absent of other causes [ 44 ].…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, negative results were reported in six cases: two for the esophagus, two for the colon, one for the stomach, and one for the duodenum. The two reported appendicitis cases showed mucosal necrosis, non-caseating granulomas, and a foreign body reaction associated with severe mesenteric necrotizing lymphadenitis or ulcerophelgmonous [ 8 ].…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SARS-CoV-2-associated gastrointestinal and liver diseases: what is known and what is needed to explore

Sweed

Abdelsameea

Khalifa

et al. 2021

Egypt Liver Journal

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Background The pandemic of COVID19 which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first described in China as an unexplained pneumonia transmitted by respiratory droplets. Gastrointestinal (GI) and liver injury associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported as an early or sole disease manifestation, mainly outside China. The exact mechanism and incidence of GI and liver involvement are not well elucidated. Main body We conducted a PubMed search for all articles written in the English language about SARS-CoV-2 affecting the GI and liver. Following data extraction, 590 articles were selected. In addition to respiratory droplets, SARS-CoV-2 may reach the GI system through the fecal-oral route, saliva, and swallowing of nasopharyngeal fluids, while breastmilk and blood transmission were not implicated. Moreover, GI infection may act as a septic focus for viral persistence and transmission to the liver, appendix, and brain. In addition to the direct viral cytopathic effect, the mechanism of injury is multifactorial and is related to genetic and demographic variations. The most frequently reported GI symptoms are diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and bleeding. However, liver infection is generally discovered during laboratory testing or a post-mortem. Radiological imaging is the gold standard in diagnosing COVID-19 patients and contributes to understanding the mechanism of extra-thoracic involvement. Medications should be prescribed with caution, especially in chronic GI and liver patients. Conclusion GI manifestations are common in COVID-19 patients. Special care should be paid for high-risk patients, older males, and those with background liver disease.

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Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SARS-CoV-2-associated gastrointestinal and liver diseases: what is known and what is needed to explore

Sweed

Abdelsameea

Khalifa

et al. 2021

Egypt Liver Journal

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“…Sanjay A Pai , 1 Bidisha Bhaduri, 2 Supraja Chandrasekar, 3 Phalguni Anand Alladi, 2 Tiffany Caza, 4 Anita Mahadevan, 5 T R Saiprasad, 6 Patrick Walker 4…”

Section: Correspondencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 There is a single report on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the appendix. 6 The appendix showed granulomas, but there is no mention of the lymphoid follicles. Depletion of the lymphoid tissue in the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow and thymus is reported to be characteristic of infection with COVID-19.…”

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confidence: 99%

Arcane apoptosis in appendicitis: clue to COVID-19 in children or coincidence?

et al. 2021

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Laparoscopic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: detection of SARS-COV-2 in abdominal tissues, fluids, and surgical smoke

Cheruiyot

Sehmi

Ngure

et al. 2021

Langenbecks Arch Surg

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Background There are still concerns over the safety of laparoscopic surgery in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients due to the potential risk of viral transmission through surgical smoke/laparoscopic pneumoperitoneum. Methods We performed a systematic review of currently available literature to determine the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) in abdominal tissues or fluids and in surgical smoke. Results A total of 19 studies (15 case reports and 4 case series) comprising 29 COVID-19 patients were included. The viral RNA was positively identified in 11 patients (37.9%). The samples that tested positive include the peritoneal fluid, bile, ascitic fluid, peritoneal dialysate, duodenal wall, and appendix. Similar samples, together with the omentum and abdominal subcutaneous fat, tested negative in the other patients. Only one study investigated SARS-COV-2 RNA in surgical smoke generated during laparoscopy, reporting negative findings. Conclusions There are conflicting results regarding the presence of SARS-COV-2 in abdominal tissues and fluids. No currently available evidence supports the hypothesis that SARS-COV-2 can be aerosolized and transmitted through surgical smoke. Larger studies are urgently needed to corroborate these findings. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00423-021-02142-8.

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SARS–CoV-2 isolation from an appendix

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

SARS-CoV-2-associated gastrointestinal and liver diseases: what is known and what is needed to explore

SARS-CoV-2-associated gastrointestinal and liver diseases: what is known and what is needed to explore

Arcane apoptosis in appendicitis: clue to COVID-19 in children or coincidence?

Laparoscopic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: detection of SARS-COV-2 in abdominal tissues, fluids, and surgical smoke

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