SARS-CoV-2-associated gastrointestinal and liver diseases: what is known and what is needed to explore

Sweed, Dina; Abdelsameea, Eman; Khalifa, Esraa A.; Abdallah, Heba; Moaz, Heba; Moaz, Inas; Abdelsattar, Shimaa; Abdel-Rahman, Nadine; Mosbeh, Asmaa; Elmahdy, Hussein Ahmed; Sweed, Eman

doi:10.1186/s43066-021-00123-6

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…COVID-19 patients, precipitated by esophageal disorders and carditis, could also contribute to this increased heartburn prevalence. [14][15][16][17] This mechanism, however, does not induce regurgitation symptoms, thus explaining the nonstatistically significant increase in regurgitation symptoms during the pandemic. In addition, increased histamine secretion when infected with COVID-19 can also increase gastric acid secretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

COVID-19 Pandemic is Associated With Increased Prevalence of GERD and Decreased GERD-related Quality of Life

Fauzi,

Simadibrata,

Friska

et al. 2023

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology

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Introduction: The prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is expected to increase during the pandemic due to unexpected, sudden lifestyle changes such as decreased physical activity and worsening mental conditions. Here, we aim to explore the difference in the prevalence of GERD and GERD-related quality of life (QoL) in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Retrospective analysis of the Indonesian GERD Questionnaire study, a cross-sectional study utilizing an online form of the GERD Questionnaire, was done to compare the prevalence of GERD between March 2, 2018 to March 1, 2020 (prepandemic group) and March 2, 2020 to March 1, 2022 (pandemic group). The prevalence odds ratios between the 2 groups were calculated using χ2. Results: A total of 9800 participants were included in the analysis; 1807 and 7993 were allocated to the pandemic and prepandemic groups, respectively. The prevalence of GERD in the pandemic and prepandemic groups were 67.9% and 61.8%, respectively (prevalence odds ratio: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.17-1.46). Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of GERD, heartburn, and those who reported impaired GERD-related quality of life increased. Regurgitation was the most common symptom reported by participants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

COVID-19 Pandemic is Associated With Increased Prevalence of GERD and Decreased GERD-related Quality of Life

Fauzi,

Simadibrata,

Friska

et al. 2023

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology

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“…COVID-19 primarily affects lungs, but evidence suggests the potential involvement and complications of other organ systems as well including cardiovascular, hematological, and neurological systems[ 2 - 5 ]. Liver injury, as demonstrated by elevated liver enzymes, has also been reported in many observational studies[ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in liver transplant recipients

Shafiq¹,

Gibson²

2022

WJH

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BACKGROUND Liver transplant patients are at higher risk of infection due to immunosuppression. Whether liver transplant recipients are also more susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and will have worse outcomes than the general population if they develop coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 is a topic of ongoing studies, including ours. AIM To assess the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in liver transplant recipients. METHODS This was a case-control study, with a database search performed (at the study site) from March 1, 2020 through February 28, 2021. Patients 18 years or older who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were included in the study. Patients with infection other than pneumonia at the time of admission were excluded. After selection, patients who had been the recipient of liver transplant were considered cases and those without as controls. After being matched by age, sex, and obesity, two controls were randomly selected for each case. Death and hospitalization due to COVID-19 infection were the primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes were pertinent only to patients who were hospitalized, and they included duration of hospital stay, need for supplemental oxygen, presence of at least one type of end-organ damage, effects on liver enzymes, incidence of acute liver failure, effect on d-dimer levels, and incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare all primary and secondary outcomes with the exception of duration of hospital stay and d-dimer levels, which were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Alpha criterion was set at 0.05. Logistic regression was performed for each primary outcome (as the dependent variable). Statistical analyses were performed using R software. RESULTS Of the 470 Liver transplant recipients who were tested for COVID-19 via the PCR test, 39 patients tested positive (8.3%). There was no significant difference between cases and controls regarding death [odds ratio (OR): 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14–29.17; P = 0.60] and hospitalization rates (OR: 1.38, 95%CI: 0.59–3.24; P = 0.46). There also was no significant difference between cases and controls with respect to all secondary outcomes. Among all patients who had elevated liver enzymes, their levels were either normalized, improving, or remained stable at the time of discharge. No patient developed acute liver failure. Of the 31 hospitalized patients, 27 received a prophylactic anticoagulation dose and no patient developed VTE in either group. Among cases who were hospitalized, immunosuppression was decreased in 5 patients and there was no change in immunosuppression among the remaining 7 patients. One patient died in each of these two subgroups. Logistic regression analysis...

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“…In a study by Goldman et al, the use of remdesivir resulted in an increase in transaminase activity in 6% of patients [21]. Hydroxychloroquine treatment is considered as a rare cause for the elevation of liver enzymes [22]. Azytromycin can cause liver injury in hepatocellular [23] or cholestatic mechanism [24].…”

Section: Discussion and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute liver injury in the course of COVID-19

Grzywa-Celińska¹,

Emeryk-Maksymiuk²,

Szewczyk³

et al. 2021

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Although coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) most often affects the respiratory system, in the course of this disease, dysfunction of many other organs may also develop. The case is presented of a female patient, treated for a long time due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, complicated by chronic complete respiratory failure, and who was undergoing non-invasive mechanical ventilation at home. She was admitted to the Pneumonology Department due to exacerbation of the symptoms of her underlying disease. Several tests for SARS-CoV2 infection gave a negative result. During the patient's stay in the clinic, a rapid increase was observed in symptoms of respiratory failure, heart failure, and laboratory signs of acute liver damage. The next PCR test result proved to be positive. In addition to the case report, the possible impact of SARS-CoV2 infection on liver damage is also also discussed, along with a literature review on this topic.

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SARS-CoV-2-associated gastrointestinal and liver diseases: what is known and what is needed to explore

Cited by 6 publications

References 95 publications

COVID-19 Pandemic is Associated With Increased Prevalence of GERD and Decreased GERD-related Quality of Life

COVID-19 Pandemic is Associated With Increased Prevalence of GERD and Decreased GERD-related Quality of Life

Clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in liver transplant recipients

Acute liver injury in the course of COVID-19

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