Sampling Plans for &lt;I&gt;Pseudaletia unipuncta&lt;/I&gt; (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae in Azorean Pastures

Silva, Luís; Vieira, Virgílio; Tavares, João

doi:10.1603/0046-225x-32.5.1211

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In the Azores, this pest is a polivoltine species (Raposo et al, 2003), and its larvae are usually found in pastures throughout all seasons (Vieira et al, 2004). Since the larval stages develop and feed usually on grass within a restricted area inside the pastures (Reis et al, 2003;Silva et al, 2003), these organisms, their food and inhabiting soils could be used to evaluate bioavailability and biotransference of trace metals in extreme environments of volcanic origin. Bearing this in mind, and since it is known that metals can promote and originate changes in the composition and diameter of digestive epithelia of several invertebrates that can be measured through variations in the mean radial epithelial thickness (Amaral et al, 2006a;Marigomez et al, 2006;Cunha et al, 2008), but also with apoptosis, another cellular response that may be triggered by metal stress.…”

Section: S C I E N C E O F T H E T O T a L E N V I R O N M E N Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental design and sampling sites P. unipuncta larvae were collected early in the summer (late Juneearly July 2007) by randomly sampling two distinct areas of pasture grass within each site (Silva et al, 2003), until 20 larvae of the third, fourth and fifth instar were obtained. Larvae were collected from two sites separated 50 km in São Miguel Island (Azores) (Fig.…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioavailability of heavy metals and their effects on the midgut cells of a phytopaghous insect inhabiting volcanic environments

Rodrigues¹,

Cunha²,

Amaral³

et al. 2008

Science of The Total Environment

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Organisms living in volcanic environments are chronically exposed to metals, either as particles or associated with gases, from volcanic emissions, being therefore potential sentinels of the effects derived from such exposure. Concentrations of Ca, Cd, Cu, Mg, Mn, Pb, Rb, and Zn were measured in soil, grass (Lolium perenne), and larvae of Pseudaletia uninpuncta captured in sites exposed and non-exposed to volcanic activity. The midgut epithelial cell morphometry and apoptosis of P. unipuncta larvae were also analyzed. Larvae from the site with volcanic activity showed higher levels of Cu, Mn, Rb and Zn. Metals such as Pb, Cd and Mg levels of P. unipuncta larvae were similar between sites. Apoptosis was higher in cells from digestive epithelium of larvae exposed to volcanic activity. Soils and grass not exposed to volcanic activity showed higher levels for most of the analyzed elements with the exception of Rb. Such result when compared with metal levels of larvae may reveal that bioavailability of elements differs between sites. The higher levels of Cd, Zn and Mg in soils and grass from the site with no volcanic activity are probably related to the severe artificial fertilization in the studied pastures. Such result, when compared with metal levels of larvae, suggest that the bioavailability of metals differs between sites. IntroductionIn São Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal) volcanic activity is manifested, among other ways, by the occurrence of hydrothermal vents, and soil degassing (Cruz, 2003;Ferreira et al., 2005). Consequently, organisms living in such environment may be continually exposed to metals, either as particles or associated with gases (Hansell et al., 2006). The association between changes in the digestive epithelium and the occurrence of apoptosis under chronic metal and metalloid exposure, originated by volcanic activity, has been previously found in terrestrial (e.g., earthworms, and snails) and marine invertebrates (e.g., limpets) (Amaral and Rodrigues, 2005;Zaldibar et al., 2006;Cunha et al., 2008). Thus, it is important to look for organisms that can be used as biological indicators or sentinels for the presence of those pollutants under such conditions, and in which one can rapidly measure several biomarkers of exposure and/or effects. The relationship between the accumulation of metals and their biomagnification in edible plants, insects, such as Lepidoptera larvae, and higher consumers, such as predators, has been shown in recent studies (Vickerman and Trumble, 2003;Dauwe et al., 2004;Mulder and Breure, 2006). Such studies indicate the important role of insects as links in metal transport

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Section: S C I E N C E O F T H E T O T a L E N V I R O N M E N Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioavailability of heavy metals and their effects on the midgut cells of a phytopaghous insect inhabiting volcanic environments

Rodrigues¹,

Cunha²,

Amaral³

et al. 2008

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Essa relação é comum, sendo utilizada para definir metodologias para detectar o índice de agregação de insetos e ácaros -lei da potência de Taylor e o modelo de regressão de Lloyd (RUESINK e KOGAN, 1980;RIBEIRO, 1990;BEARZOTI e AQUINO, 1994;VIEIRA NETO e CHIARADIA, 1999;FARIAS et al, 2001;MARUYAMA et al, 2002;SILVA et al, 2003;ONZO et al, 2005). Isso reforça a consistência dessas metodologias para estudar o tipo de distribuição espacial do ácaro D. notus em pomares de erva-mate.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Nesse contexto, a amostragem exerce papel importante no monitoramento de pragas em lavouras comerciais (WILSON;ROOM, 1983). A escolha do método de amostragem depende do custo operacional e da precisão que ele oferece ou da combinação desses fatores (SILVEIRA; NETO et al, 1976).…”

Section: R áRvore Viçosa-mg V33 N1 P143-150 2009unclassified

Distribuição espacial e tamanho de amostra para o ácaro-do bronzeado da erva-mate

et al. 2009

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1RESUMO -O ácaro Dichopelmus notus Keifer (Acari, Eriophyidae) provoca o bronzeamento e queda de folhas da erva-mate, reduzindo a produção e a qualidade de seus produtos. O acompanhamento dos níveis populacionais dessa espécie é importante para aprimorar seu manejo em plantios comerciais. Este trabalho teve por objetivos identificar a distribuição espacial e determinar o número de plantas e de folhas por planta que devem ser inspecionadas em cultivos comerciais de erva-mate em programas de monitoramento do ácaro-do-bronzeado. O estudo foi conduzido no Município de Chapecó, Santa Catarina, no período de janeiro de 2004 a janeiro de 2005. As avaliações foram realizadas quinzenalmente em um erval de 10 anos, dividido em três talhões com cerca de 2.500 m 2 cada, em que foram selecionadas 10 plantas ao acaso e em cada planta foi observado o número de ácaros em 18 folhas maduras. As inspeções foram executadas diretamente nos ervais com lentes com aumento de 10 vezes e 1 cm 2 de campo fixo. Constatou-se a distribuição espacial agregada para o ácaro, bem como a necessidade de inspecionar três folhas por planta, em 29 delas ao acaso e por hectare, de fevereiro a abril, para estimar a população com nível de precisão de 15%.Palavras-chave: Amostragem, Ilex paraguariensis e Dichopelmus notus. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND SAMPLE SIZE FOR THE TAN-MITE IN MATE-TEA ABSTRACT -The mite Dichopelmus notus Keifer (Acari, Eriophyidae) causes tan and fall of leaves in mate trees, reducing the production and quality of their products. Monitoring the population levels of this type of mite is important to improve its management in commercial plantations. The objective of this work was to identify the spatial distribution and to determine the number of plants and leaf per plant that must be inspected in commercial cultivation

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“…Larvae of the genus Pseudaletia Franclemont (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are cosmopolitan pests of cereal crops (Franzmann, 1973;Singh & Rai, 1977;Silva et al, 2003). Larvae of the wheat armyworm Pseudaletia sequax Franclemont are polyphagous, feeding on leaves of a large number of gramineous plants of economic importance, such as wheat, barley and oats (Foerster et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of carbohydrate sources to the reproductive output of the wheat armywormPseudaletia sequax

Marchioro

Foerster

2011

Agri and Forest Entomology

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1 The importance of nutrients consumed by adults differs among lepidopteran species. Knowledge of adult nutritional requirements is particularly useful when adopting biological control strategies that involve the use of flowering plants to improve the effectiveness of natural enemies. This is because nectar may also serve as a carbohydrate source for the pest. 2 We evaluated the effect of different sources and concentrations of carbohydrate consumed by adults on the performance and fitness of the wheat armyworm Pseudaletia sequax Franclemont, which is an important pest of cereal crops. 3 The consumption of carbohydrates by the adults significantly increased the length of the oviposition period, fecundity, fertility and longevity of P. sequax. Adult nutrition also affected the daily oviposition pattern of the females. 4 The demographic parameters estimated for each diet regime (i.e. intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase and net reproductive rate) were influenced by adult nutrition. These parameters also varied according to the source and concentration of carbohydrates. 5 The results obtained in the present study suggest that the use of perennial flowering plants to provide a food source for natural enemies can also favour the pest.

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Sampling Plans for <I>Pseudaletia unipuncta</I> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae in Azorean Pastures

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Bioavailability of heavy metals and their effects on the midgut cells of a phytopaghous insect inhabiting volcanic environments

Bioavailability of heavy metals and their effects on the midgut cells of a phytopaghous insect inhabiting volcanic environments

Distribuição espacial e tamanho de amostra para o ácaro-do bronzeado da erva-mate

Importance of carbohydrate sources to the reproductive output of the wheat armywormPseudaletia sequax

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