Salting‐out homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction in narrow‐bore tube: Extraction and preconcentration of phthalate esters from water

Abstract

In this study a simple and rapid sample preparation technique, homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction based on phase separation in the presence of a salt performed in a narrow-bore tube, followed by GC-flame ionization detection has been developed. In this work, sodium chloride and ACN were used as the salting-out agent and water-soluble extraction solvent, respectively. The homogeneous solution of water and ACN was broken by addition of the salt. Small volume of ACN was collected on top of the tube and the extracted analytes in the collected phase were determined. It has been successfully used for the analysis of five phthalate esters as model compounds in aqueous sample. Experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiency such as kind and volume of the water-soluble organic solvent, length and diameter of the tube, and pH of the sample solution were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the LODs were between 0.02 and 0.7 μg/L and enrichment factors were in the range of 172-309. In addition, good linearity (between 1 and 5000 μg/L) and high precision on the base of RSD (<8%, C = 600 μg/L, n = 6) were achieved.

Ultrasound and salt-assisted liquid–liquid extraction as an efficient method for natural product extraction

“…Similar to previous reports, 26,32 it is clear from Fig. Similar to previous reports, 26,32 it is clear from Fig.…”

Development of counter current salting-out homogenous liquid–liquid extraction for isolation and preconcentration of some pesticides from aqueous samples

“…Another extraction procedure, namely homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction (HLLE), utilizes a phase separation phenomenon in a homogeneous solution. One version of HLLE is salting-out homogenous liquidliquid extraction (SHLLE) which has been used for extraction and preconcentration of the selected analytes from aqueous samples [12,13]. Recent researches have been oriented towards development of efficient, economical, and miniaturized sample preparation methods.…”

Development of a new extraction method based on counter current salting-out homogenous liquid–liquid extraction followed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction: Application for the extraction and preconcentration of widely used pesticides from fruit juices

“…Another extraction procedure, namely homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction (HLLE), utilizes a phase separation phenomenon in a homogeneous solution. One version of HLLE is salting-out homogenous liquid-liquid extraction (SHLLE) [17,18]. SHLLE utilizes the salt-induced phase separation phenomenon whereby the organic phase is separated from the homogeneous solution and simultaneously the target solutes are extracted into the separated organic phase when a salting-out reagent is added.…”