Salivary Cotinine Levels and Involuntary Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Children and Adults in New Mexico

Coultas, David B.; Howard, Cheryl A.; Peake, Glenn T.; Skipper, Betty J.; Samet, Jonathan M.

doi:10.1164/ajrccm/136.2.305

Cited by 70 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Smoking at home explains almost 40% of the variability of the CCR and similar observations have been made in many earlier studies with preschool or school children (Jarvis et al, 1985(Jarvis et al, , 1987Coultas et al, 1987;Forastiere et al, 1993;Cook et al, 1994;Dell'Orco et al, 1995;Bono et al, 1996;Jordaan et al, 1999;Scherer et al, 1999). In a study carried out in Scotland, the number of smokers in the household Exposure of children to ETS Scherer et al accounted for as much as 51% of the observed variance in saliva cotinine (Jarvis et al, 1992).…”

Section: Etssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…In our population, the effect of paternal smoking is only observable when the mother is a nonsmoker. In other studies, a somewhat larger effect of fathers' smoking was reported (Jarvis et al, 1985;Coultas et al, 1987;Jordaan et al, 1999). Our observation that children whose mother smoked during pregnancy and children who reportedly were ETS exposed during the first 3 years of life exhibit significantly higher urinary cotinine levels in the univariate analysis reflects the fact that mothers who smoke during these periods are more likely to be persistent and heavy smokers, as can be seen in the comparison between Tables 2 and 4, demonstrating that the effect of these variables vanished after adjusting for actual smoking behaviour.…”

Section: Etsmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…A correct and practical assessment of the exposure dose is required in order to elucidate the role of ETS exposure in the development of these diseases. The smoking habit of the parents, particularly maternal smoking, has been identified as the most important source of children's exposure to ETS (Coultas et al, 1987(Coultas et al, , 1990Henderson et al, 1989;Jarvis et al, 1992;Forastiere et al, 1993;Cook et al, 1994;Dell'Orco et al, 1995;Jordaan et al, 1999). In a recent small study with children (Scherer et al, 1999), we applied several methods of assessing their exposure to ETS, including detailed questionnaires on the duration and extent of ETS exposure, personal samplers for nicotine worn over 1 week, and cotinine measurements in saliva and urine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Determinants of children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS): A study in Southern Germany

Scherer

Krämer

Meger-Kossien

et al. 2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Maternal smoking has been repeatedly found to be the most important determinant of children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Here, we further investigated predictors for the urinary cotinine/creatinine ratio (CCR, ng/mg) in 1220 preschool children for the year 1996. Children from smoking homes (35.1%) had significantly higher CCR than children from nonsmoking homes (mean: 55.5 vs. 14.9 ng/mg). The level of education of the parents was a strong predictor for CCRs even after adjusting for number of cigarettes smoked, maternal smoking and dwelling space. Additionally, dwelling space was inversely related to children's urinary cotinine level. The CCR-levels in children investigated in 1996 and 1998 were significantly correlated (Pearson's r ¼ 0.67). The parents of 806 children agreed for a visit to their homes. In 79 of the 536 (14.7%) of the self-reported, nonsmoking households, smoking was admitted during the visit. The mean urinary CCR of these children was 25.2 ng/mg. We conclude that in addition to parental smoking behaviour, other variables such as dwelling space and social and educational status predict the children's exposure to ETS. Our data also revealed that a considerable percentage of parents denied the ETS exposure of their children at home.

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Section: Etssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Etsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Determinants of children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS): A study in Southern Germany

Scherer

Krämer

Meger-Kossien

et al. 2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…In that study, the hair nicotine level in the children ages 2 to 5 years was approximately six times higher than in older children, ages 9 to 14 years, at the same levels of parental smoking. In addition, Coultas et al (37) found that the median of saliva cotinine concentrations among nonsmoking children ages <5 years was about twice higher, compared with that among older children ages 6 to 12 years when there was one cigarette smoker in the home. Coultas et al (37) also reported that presence and the concentration of saliva cotinine were affected by all household smokers at home.…”

Section: Determinants For Hair Nicotine Concentrations Among Women Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Hair Nicotine Concentrations in Nonsmoking Women and Children: A Multicountry Study of Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Homes

Kim

Wipfli

Navas‐Acien

et al. 2009

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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The main purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate determinants of hair nicotine concentrations in nonsmoking women and children exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke at home. Hair samples were collected from nonsmoking women (n = 852) and from children (n = 1,017) <11 years of age living in households (n = 1,095) with smokers from 31 countries from July 2005 to October 2006. Participants' ages, activity patterns and socioeconomic characteristics including education and employment status, and hair treatment information were collected. Multilevel linear regression modeling was used to identify the main determinants of hair nicotine concentration measured by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Increased indoor air nicotine concentration at home were associated with increased hair nicotine concentrations in nonsmoking women and children. This association was not changed after controlling for other explanatory variables. After controlling for age, length of exposure, and socioeconomic characteristics, hair nicotine concentrations in nonsmoking children and women were estimated to be increased by 3% and 1%, respectively, for a 1 μg/m 3 increase in air nicotine concentration. The association between children's exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke at home and hair nicotine concentration was stronger among younger children and children with longer exposure at home. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(12):3407-14)

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“…32 An alternative would be to measure urine or saliva cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, in infants and children. 28,35 Not only are urine and saliva cotinine important biomarkers for ETS exposure, they may serve as motivation and intervention tools to promote healthy environments. However, the pediatrician should bear in mind that cotinine is a short-term marker of exposure that is easily affected by the level of exposure and metabolic rate.…”

Section: Reducing Ets Exposure Health Effects Of Ets On Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pediatrician's Role in Reducing Tobacco Exposure in Children

et al. 2000

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ABSTRACT. Objective. Pediatricians have a unique and important role to play in the prevention and treatment of childhood and adolescent tobacco use, the protection of patients from the harmful effects of environmental tobacco smoke, and the encouragement of smoking cessation among parents. However, because recent research indicates that physician training in tobacco dependence is woefully weak and lacks a model for training, this article constructs a useful approach to this problem.Methodology. A comprehensive review of the literature served as the basis for the development of a new model for pediatrician training in tobacco dependence.Results. A comprehensive model is presented for training pediatricians in the areas of reducing infant and child exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, preventing youth smoking initiation, and providing smoking cessation assistance for adolescents and parents.Conclusions. Pediatricians have been called on to play an active role in the antitobacco arena. Because of their unique opportunity to interact with children, adolescents, and parents, pediatricians can and should be antitobacco interventionists. For this to occur, however, additional guidance should be provided to pediatricians during their training to better prepare them to carry out effective assessment and intervention practices. Pediatrics 2000;106(5). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/ cgi/content/full/106/5/e66; smoking initiation, smoking prevention, smoking cessation, environmental tobacco smoke, pediatricians.

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Salivary Cotinine Levels and Involuntary Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Children and Adults in New Mexico

Cited by 70 publications

References 8 publications

Determinants of children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS): A study in Southern Germany

Determinants of children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS): A study in Southern Germany

Determinants of Hair Nicotine Concentrations in Nonsmoking Women and Children: A Multicountry Study of Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Homes

The Pediatrician's Role in Reducing Tobacco Exposure in Children

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