The Major Contribution aims to provide interrelated articles that examine how counseling psychology's past and the complex world we live and work in bear on our professional understanding of human strengths and positive life outcomes. In this article, the authors examine the historical underpinnings of the positive in psychology, analyze the focus on the positive in counseling psychology scholarship through the decades (via a content analysis), and review scholarship that has shaped the strength-based work of professionals throughout applied psychology. The content analysis of a random selection of 20% (N = 1,135) of the articles published in the Journal of Counseling Psychology (JCP), The Counseling Psychologist (TCP), the Journal of Career Assessment (JCA), and the Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development (JMCD) revealed that about 29% have a positive focus. This article calls attention to the positive in counseling psychology, and the authors encourage its members to reaffirm its unique positive focus by focusing more on strength in practice and research. Downloaded from tinct streams of influence: (a) the vocational guidance initiative, (b) advances in psychometrics and psychological testing, and (c) the growth of the psychotherapy movement (Super, 1955;Watkins, 1983). During the field's transition from vocational guidance to counseling psychology, Super (1955) commented that counseling psychology's hallmark was its concern with "hygiology, with the normalities of even abnormal persons" (p. 5). Over the course of its development as a specialty, counseling psychology has held to a philosophical focus and a professional emphasis on identifying and developing personal and social resources and on helping individuals more effectively use these resources. "This emphasis, in contrast to a focus on weakness and pathology, has remained constant in the profession over the years and still underlies the work of counseling psychologists" (Fretz, 1985, p. 48). Perhaps more than any other factor, this enduring philosophy of counseling psychology-its deliberate focus on individual strengths and assets-has helped maintain and ensure its integrity and identification as a specialty within professional psychology. ) developed a process of focused, goal-oriented counseling to help college students with their needs-one that related measured traits and factors with students' educational and career aspirations. During the same time, Carl Rogers developed his phenomenological, client-centered approach to counseling, which helped direct the attention of the emerging specialty of counseling psychology from assessment and diagnosis to one of counseling and psychotherapy, which Rogers viewed as facilitating the unfolding of natural, positive human tendencies toward enhanced development and self-actualization. Rogers's view of the development of persons and of the role of counseling and psychotherapy was strikingly different from those characterizing clinical psychology at the time, attending to the facilitation of human develo...

ABSTRACT. Objective. Pediatricians have a unique and important role to play in the prevention and treatment of childhood and adolescent tobacco use, the protection of patients from the harmful effects of environmental tobacco smoke, and the encouragement of smoking cessation among parents. However, because recent research indicates that physician training in tobacco dependence is woefully weak and lacks a model for training, this article constructs a useful approach to this problem.Methodology. A comprehensive review of the literature served as the basis for the development of a new model for pediatrician training in tobacco dependence.Results. A comprehensive model is presented for training pediatricians in the areas of reducing infant and child exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, preventing youth smoking initiation, and providing smoking cessation assistance for adolescents and parents.Conclusions. Pediatricians have been called on to play an active role in the antitobacco arena. Because of their unique opportunity to interact with children, adolescents, and parents, pediatricians can and should be antitobacco interventionists. For this to occur, however, additional guidance should be provided to pediatricians during their training to better prepare them to carry out effective assessment and intervention practices. Pediatrics 2000;106(5). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/ cgi/content/full/106/5/e66; smoking initiation, smoking prevention, smoking cessation, environmental tobacco smoke, pediatricians.

No abstract

No abstract

This study examined primary prevention articles published in four counseling journals from 1985 to 1999. The authors’ results indicated a relative paucity of prevention-focused literature in counseling journals. Specifically, 52 (1.29%) of the 4,028 articles published over this 15-year period focused on primary prevention. The 52 articles were reviewed for type of article, article topic, setting, and general populations sampled. The lack of prevention articles in counseling journals is problematic as journals reflect issues relevant and important to the field. Implications of the results and recommendations for how counseling psychologists can become more involved in prevention are discussed.

This chapter introduces the research on hope and physical health. The various conceptualizations and measures of hope in the medical literature are addressed, although the research covered focuses on Snyder’s hope theory. The research on hope and health behaviors is presented, followed by a critical discussion of research on hope and specific areas of health outcomes, including pain, cancer, spinal cord injury, rehabilitation/injury, and chronic illness. Some of the mechanisms through which hope influences health are discussed, and the concepts of related health behaviors and health outcomes are explored. These health effects include coping and buffering against stress and depression. This chapter concludes with questions for future research.

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the influence of socio-cognitive mindfulness on resilience, stress and thriving among middle managers in higher education at two separate periods during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Study 1, the authors examined how socio-cognitive mindfulness predicted perceived stress and whether the relationship between mindfulness and perceived stress was mediated by resilience. In Study 2, the authors replicated the first study and further hypothesized that the link between mindfulness and thriving was also mediated by resilience.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted cross-sectional correlational studies to test the hypotheses using data from 163 middle managers in higher education early in the pandemic in Study 1 and 204 middle managers a year later in Study 2.FindingsStudy 1 findings showed socio-cognitive mindfulness predicted perceived stress, and that resilience fully mediated this relationship. In Study 2, socio-cognitive mindfulness did not predict perceived stress, but it did predict thriving, and that relationship was fully mediated by resilience.Originality/valueThis research is the first to address how socio-cognitive mindfulness directly impacts perceived stress and thriving and its impact through building resilience. To date, few studies have focused on stress in higher education middle managers or addressed the importance of building socio-cognitive mindfulness and resilience to thrive amid ongoing challenges. Implications of the pandemic's influence on the results are also addressed.

A survey of all 123 nonchronic-care pediatric hospitals in the United States revealed that 75% of hospitals responding had greatly increased the use of effective medical procedure preparation technologies, such as filmed modeling and coping skills instruction, in comparison to the last survey. Respondent characteristics such as position (e.g., nurse, child life worker, physician), degree (e.g., RN, MA, PhD), and length of time in the position failed to predict the type of techniques selected, but higher respondent knowledge and more psychological sources of preparation information did predict the use of preparation techniques used for drawing blood that experts rated as more effective. Challenges for more effective dissemination of research in the future are considered, as is the need for increased study of research-implementation links.