Salivary Concentrations of Interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐17A, and IL‐23 Vary in Relation to Periodontal Status

Abstract

Elevated salivary IL-1β concentrations are related to GP, whereas distinct elevation and reduction profiles of IL-17A and IL-23 are detected in saliva of patients with LP and GP.

Lipopolysaccharide, a possible molecular mediator between periodontitis and coronary artery disease

“…However, saliva LPS were highest among the subjects with a milder form of periodontitis (Hyvärinen et al, 2012). In a recent cross-sectional study, saliva LPS failed to differentiate various forms of periodontitis from systemically healthy subjects (Liukkonen, Gursoy, Pussinen, Suominen, & Könönen, 2016 (Hyvärinen et al, 2012;Liukkonen et al, 2016), but our results suggest that it moderately reflects the periodontal microbial burden.…”

“…Among the clinical periodontal parameters in the present study, only ABL associated directly with the levels of saliva LPS. Even though Gram‐negative bacteria play an essential role in periodontitis, saliva LPS levels alone may not be a good biomarker for clinical disease (Hyvärinen et al., ; Liukkonen et al., ), but our results suggest that it moderately reflects the periodontal microbial burden. Factors affecting saliva LPS levels have not been studied in detail, but presumably time of sample collection, oral hygiene routines or diet might have an effect.…”

“…However, saliva LPS were highest among the subjects with a milder form of periodontitis (Hyvärinen et al., ). In a recent cross‐sectional study, saliva LPS failed to differentiate various forms of periodontitis from systemically healthy subjects (Liukkonen, Gursoy, Pussinen, Suominen, & Könönen, ). Among the clinical periodontal parameters in the present study, only ABL associated directly with the levels of saliva LPS.…”

Salivary microbiota and inflammation‐related proteins in patients with psoriasis

“…Saliva is the fluid of the oral cavity, which besides being critical to maintenance of oral homeostasis harbors various biological substances such as the salivary microbiota and inflammatory markers (Lynge Pedersen & Belstrom, ). The presence of untreated periodontitis has been shown to alter the composition of the salivary microbiota (Belstrom et al, ) and increase salivary levels of inflammatory proteins such interleukin (IL)‐1β and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8 (Lee, Chen, Tu, Wu, & Chang, ; Liukkonen, Gürsoy, Pussinen, Suominen, & Könönen, ; Sorsa et al, ). Thus, the composition of the salivary microbiota and salivary levels of inflammatory markers have been suggested as a proxy of oral and systemic health status (Yoshizawa et al, ).…”

Pathogenesis of Gingivitis

“…The salivary flow rate-high or low-is characteristic of each individual and [44][45][46][47] may promote salivary clearance of microbes from the oral cavity. Saliva also contains varying amounts of immunomodulatory interleukin-1β, interleukin-17, and interleukin-23, although it is not known whether they contribute to innate immunity on mucosal surfaces of the oral environment [48].…”